Loss of Biodiversity

Loss of Biodiversity(Causes and Consequences)

1. LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY Causes and Consequences PRESENTED BY MD REJAUL ISLAM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALIAH UNIVERSITY

2. Biodiversity is the distribution, number, variety and variability of living organism. BIODIVERSITY THE TERM ‘ BIO ’ MEANS LIFE AND ‘ DIVERSITY ’ MEANS VARITY OR VARIABILITY. GENETIC BIODIVERSITY SPECIES BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY

3. LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY Loss of biodiversity is the extinction of plants and animals or loss of a species in a habitat. Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going to extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year. About 24% of mammals and 12% of bird species are currently considered to be globally threatened. We have lost 97% of our wild tigers in just over a century.

4. Causes of Biodiversity Loss Natural Causes Natural disasters Low population Low breeding rate Anthropogenic Causes Habitat destruction and fragmentation Over exploitation Introduction of exotic species Climatic change Pollution Poaching of wild life

5. HABITAT DESTRUCTION AND FRAGMENTATION It resulted due to activities associated with agriculture, irrigation, construction of dam, mining activities, road construction, urbanisation etc. Tropical rainforest have decreased 14% to 6% Amazon rain forests are cleared for cultivation of soybeans.

6. OVER EXPLOITATION When ‘need’ turns into ‘greed’ it leads to over exploitation of natural resources; that’s many species extinct. Dodo birds (Mauritius), passenger pigeon and many marine fishes became extinct due to over exploitation by humans.

7. INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC SPECIES When exotic species introduced in an area some of then became invasive and may cause extinction of local species. African catfish is a threat to indigenous catfishes and Invasive weed species such as parthenium and eichhornia (water hyacinth) causing environmental damage and posing threat to native species.

8. POLLUTION ( AIR,LAND,WATER ) Use of fossil fuels, pesticides, insecticides, acid rain, toxic chemicals, ozone depletion effect adversely the plant and animal species. Coral reefs are being threatened by oil trans- port and offshore mining along the coastal region. POACHING OF WILD LIFE Poaching is done for large profits gains illegal sale or trade of animal parts, meats and pelts .

9. CO-EXTINCTION When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it also become extinct. When a host fish becomes extinct, its unique parasites also becomes extinct.

10. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Global warming, sea level rise, increase of extremity of weather condition effects biodiversity because it endangers all the species. Coastal ecosystem, Artic ecosystem are more effected.

11. CONSEQUENCES Biodiversity decline and lost of ecosystem is a major threat to the future of our planet and our generation, if there is a biodiversity crisis, our health and livelihoods are also at risk. Effects on balance of the ecosystem Reduced food security Increase of natural calamities Threat of extinction Proportion of species in different threat categories Source: IUCN(Based on data from 47,677 species)

12. EFFECTS ON BALANCE OF THE ECOSYSTEM Because of extinction of species it may be changed in the food chain, reduction of combating pollution, soil formation and protection and pollution break down and absorption etc. Because of the extinction ‘keystone’ species the entire ecosystem is hamper. REDUCED FOOD SECURITY Reduced the sources of food, structural materials, medicinal resources.

13. INCREASE OF NATURAL CLAMITIES Because of the biodiversity losses various natural calamities like drought, flood, soil erosion, landslide, storm take place. THREAT OF EXTINCTION Increased the vulnerability of species extinction.

14. Loss of forest and water contamination reduced quality and quantity of water. Increased crop losses due to damage of soil ecosystem. Incalculable loss of understanding of natural mechanism.

15. CONCLUSION We are the part of biodiversity , if the biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near future the survival of human being will be threatened. So ,it is our moral duty to conserve biodiversity as well as our environment. “The world has enough for everyone’s need, but not enough for everyone’s greed ” -Mahatma Gandhi

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