LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES

low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight

1. LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) mast. Aman Chandrashekhar B.Sc.(n)4 th year NNTC, WASHIM

2. OBJECTIVES Introduction of LBW Incidence of LBW Types of LBW Causes of LBW Care of LBW babies Prevention of causing LBW Complications of LBW in babies Nursing management of LBW babies

3. INTRODUCTION Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. GRADING OF BIRTH WEIGHT

4. INCIDENCE More than 20 million infants worldwide, among that representing 15.5% of all births are born with low birth weight. As per who criteria, incidence of LBW in India is 33% each year. Prematurity is the worlds single biggest cause of new born death. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g. Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight.

5. TYPES OF LBW

6. CAUSES OF LBW Low birth weight includes 2 groups. 1) Pre term (< 37 weeks) – A birth occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy. 2) IUGR/ SFD babies – Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR) or Small for dates babies (SFD) is when the a baby in the womb does not grow as expected. In nearly 50% of cases of LBW the cause is not known. In remaining 50% the causes are grouped into A. medical B. social

7. MEDICAL CAUSES 1. Maternal causes : all high risk mothers except. 2. Placental causes : placenta previa, congenital defects of placenta. 3. Fetal causes : multiple gestation, hydramnios, intrauterine infection. B) SOCIAL CAUSES - Poverty - Illiteracy - Ignorance - Poor standard of living - Early marriages - Smoking - Lack of knowledge in family planning

8. CARE OF LBW BABIES Depend up to birth weight 2500-2000 gm : requires special care at home < 2000 gm : requires special care at hospital < 1800 – 1500 gm : require kangaroo mother care (A) SPECIAL CARE AT HOME - Prevention of infection - Prevention of hypothermia - Correction of malnutrition (B) SPECIAL CARE AT HOSPITAL - Prevent septicemia - feeding training to mothers - Prevent cross infection - Maintaining incubator, temperature, humidity and O2 supply

9. ( C) KANGAROO MOTHER CARE - Refers to care of preterm or low birth weight infants by placing the infant in skin- to skin contact with the mother or any other caregiver. A) kangaroo position B) kangaroo feeding C) early discharge D) follow up service

10. PREVENTIONS OF LBW Prevention of malnutrition : by nutritional education and supplementation under integrated child development scheme(ICDS). Prevention of anemia : by distribution of folic acid tablets. Control of infection : by early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Avoid stretching, lifting and bending exercise. Avoid smoking and alcohol during pregnancy. A. DIRECT INTERVENTION MEASURES

11. PREVENTIONS OF LBW Deciding age of marriage. Deciding age for first child. Birth spacing. Deciding number of children's. Improving the availability of health services to the women. A. INDIRECT INTERVENTION MEASURES

12. COMPLICATION OF LBW Birth asphyxia Hypothermia Feeding difficulty Infection Respiratory distress Hypoglycemia Intraventricular hemorrhage

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT OF LBW BABIES Delivery attended by a senior nurse. Air passage cleared by mucous. Promptly dry, keep the baby covered and warm all the time. Monitor vitals, activity, ABG(arterial blood gas) level, electrolytes and weight of the baby. Provide warmth and ensure asepsis thought every care. Provide effective and safe oxygenation. Baby should be placed in the incubator or under the radiant warmer.

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT OF LBW BABIES Motivating mother for kangaroo mother care. High vigilance should be maintained on performing all the care and procedures. Babies with weight less than 1500 g should be started on iv –dextrose solution. Gentle touch, massage, cuddling, stroking and flexing must be performed by the nurse and mother. Antenatal administration of betamethasone or dexamethasone if labor start before 34 weeks. Family should be constantly informed and involved in care of baby.

15. SUMMARY Introduction of LBW Incidence of LBW Types of LBW Causes of LBW Care of LBW Complications of LBW Prevention of LBW Nursing management of LBW

16. CONCLUSION Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need.

17. Thank you