Low cost housing

Low cost housing techniques

1. LOW COST HOUSING

2. Low Cost housing means the total construction cost of houses (buildings) is minimum (low) by using proper materials, methods, techniques ,etc.

3. The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely: 1) Building material cost 2) Labour cost

4. CONCEPT OF LOW COST HOUSING Low Cost Housing Aims to reduce the cost of construction and at the same time do not sacrifice any element of safety or serviceability of the house over the life cycle.

5. In low cost housing, building material cost is reduced because we make use of the locally available & low cost materials. Also the labour cost can be reduced by properly making the time schedule of our work. Cost reduction is achieved by selection of more efficient material or by an improved design.

6. FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH BUILDING COSTS Expensive materials Lack of necessary building skills Lack of guidelines in selection of appropriate building practices • Designs • Materials • Methods • equipment

7. Various aspects for cost reduction Optimization of land use Functional design of buildings Optimum use of building materials Rationalization of specifications New construction materials and techniques

8. Factors affecting Choice of Materials and Technologies • Scale (Quantity) of construction • Availability of skilled labour • Availability/suitability of raw materials • Cost variation with conventional materials • Assortment based on geo-climatic conditions • Environmental aspects • Disaster-resistant requirements • Acceptability by people

9. Technology Selection Criteria • Saving in cost, initial as well as recurring. • Saving in consumption of imported or scare materials, even if no saving in cost is achieved. • Saving in time of construction. • Utilization of waste materials even if no saving is achieved.

10. Technology Selection Criteria • Saving in quantum of skilled labour even if no saving in cost is achieved. • Achieving better utilization of equipment but not necessary leading to optimum saving in cost. • Better utilization of space. • Better layout for economy in external services

11. USE OF WASTE PRODUCTS

12. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials SR. NO. Waste source Commercial product using natural fibre & agro-waste Traditional resource fully or partly saved 1 Coir fibre coir industry Coir fibre-cement roofing sheet & panels Asbestos 2 Rice husk rice mill Rick-husk-building board,timber board cement Resin- bonded particle 3 Jute fibre door and window jute mills Jute-fibre-polymer bonded panel Timber, metal 4 Cotton waste textile mills Cotton-lint-cement bonded board cement Gypsum, timber

13. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials SR. NO. Waste source Commercial product using natural fibre & agro-waste Traditional resource fully or partly saved 5 Bagasse sugar mills Bagasse-polymer-bonded boards Timber fibres (in insulation board) 6 Corn cobs corn mill Corn cobs-cement bonded boards Timber, polymer 7 Sisal fibre sisal plant Sisal fibre-polymer/ cement bonded roofing sheet, door, window Asbestos fibre, Timber

14. Natural Fibres and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials SR. NO. Waste source Commercial product using natural fibre & agro-waste Traditional resource fully or partly saved 8 Rice straw & wheat straw farms Compressed and paper covered board Timber,Polymer 9 Banana fibre banana plant Banana fibre cotton pulp/paper pulp and polymer insulation boards Timber, light weight mineral viz. vermiculite or mica

15. potential use of Industrial wastes SR. NO. Industrial wastes Source Particulate composite in which used 1 Fly ash Thermal power plants Aggregate, cement, brick, 2 Blast furnace slag Steel plants Aggregate, cement, brick, 3 Byproduct gypsum Phosphoric acid Hydrofluoric acid plants Gypsum plaster, boards , cement additive 4 Mine tailings Cu,Zn , Ni, Sn ore beneficiation Blended cement, filler in

16. potential use of Industrial wastes SR. NO. Industrial wastes Source Particulate composite in which used 5 Byproduct lime sludge Sugar, paper, leather, acety lime plants Lime, masonry cement, mortar, plaster 6 Laterite waste Cutting of laterite blocks Building block, aggregate roads 7 Metallurgical slag Alloys plants Aggregate, blended cement bricks and blocks 8 Broken glass & ceramics Glass, ceramic, brick plants Aggregate, flooring, roofing

17. Potential use of Industrial wastes SR. NO. Industrial wastes Source Particulate composite in which used 9 Stone quarry waste Stone quarry Blocks, aggregate, flooring paving 10 Limestone waste Limestone quarrying and lime kilns Aggregate, flooring, masonry cement, blocks

18. Characteristics of Low Cost Building Materials – Easy to manufacture Easy affordability Easy Erection/commissioning Faster & cheaper construction Effective Waste utilization Energy efficient and Environment friendly

19. BUILDING MATERIALS • Calcium Silicate Bricks • Fly ash–Lime Bricks • Clay–Fly ash Bricks • Clay Flooring Tiles • Burnt Clay Flat Terracing Tiles • Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards

20. Calcium Silicate Brick

21. BUILDING COMPONENTS • Precast Solid Cement Concrete Blocks • Precast Concrete Stone Masonry Blocks • Hollow & Solid Light Weight Concrete Masonry Units • Precast Reinforced Concrete Door and Window Frames • Ferrocement Door Shutters • Ferrocement Roofing Channels • Precast Ferrocement Water Tanks • Precast Concrete Manhole Covers & Frames • Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheets

22. Ferrocement

23. BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES • Precast Channel Unit for Flooring/Roofing • Precast Reinforced Concrete Joist & Plank system for Flooring/Roofing • Thin R.C. Ribbed Slab for Floors and Roofs • Precast Concrete Waffle Units for Floors and Roofs • Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete L Panals for Roofs • Precast Doubly–Curved Shell Units for Floors and Roofs • Precast Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete Ribbed or Cored Slab Units for Floors & Roofs • Reinforced Brick and Reinforced Brick Concrete Slabs for Floors and Roofs • Prefabricated Brick Panel for Floors Roofs

24. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective Building Materials/ Technologies sr no Cost-Effective Technologies In place of Conventional options % of Saving 1 85 mm thick sloping RCC RCC 110 mm 30 2 RCC planks over RCC joists RCC 10 3 Ferrocement shell roofing RCC 40 4 RCC door frames Timber Frames 30

25. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective Building Materials/ Technologies sr no Cost-Effective Technologies In place of Conventional options % of Saving 5 Frameless doors (only inserts) Frames and shutters 50 6 Ferrocement door shutters Timber shutters (second class timber) 30 7 RCC window frames Timber frames 30 8 RCC jallies Timber windows/ventilators 50

26. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective Building Materials/ Technologies sr no Cost-Effective Technologies In place of Conventional options % of Saving 9 Precast thin lintels RCC lintels 25 10 Precast sunshades Cast sunshades 30 11 Ferrocement sun shades-cum- lintel RCC lintel-cum-sunshades 50 12 Brick arch for lintels RCC lintels 30

27. Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective Building Materials/ Technologies sr no Cost-Effective Technologies In place of Conventional options % of Saving 13 Precast RCC shelves units Timber/concrete 20-35 14 Precast Ferrocement shelves Timber/concrete 35-45 15 Ferrocement manhole covers steel /concrete 50-40 16 Ferrocement water tank Rigid PVC 60

28. Demonstration Houses in BANGALORE No. of Dwelling Units-252 Unit covered area-275 sq.ft . Cost per Unit-Rs.60,000 Technologies Used Concrete Blocks • Filler Slab Roof • Wood alternate Doors

29. Demonstration Houses NAGPUR No. of Dwelling Units-70 Unit covered area-194 sq.ft Cost per Unit-Rs.50,000 Technologies used • Fly Ash Blocks • Filler slab Roof • Ferro Cement and Fly Ash Polymer Doors

30. Demonstration Houses DEHRADUN, Uttranchal No. of Dwelling Units 100 Unit covered area 194 sq.ft Cost per Unit Rs.45,000 Technologies used • Solid/Hollow Concrete Blocks • Pre cast Plank & Joist Roof • RCC Door frame • Wood substitute Doors

31. Demonstration Houses in BILASPUR, Chhatisgarh No. of Dwelling Units 100 Unit covered area 194 sq.ft . Cost per Unit Rs.40,000 Technologies Used • Fly Ash Bricks • Pre cast Plank & Joist Roof • RCC Door frame

32. Demonstration Houses in Kudalu , Bangalore No. of Dwelling Units 70 Unit covered area 194 sq.ft . Cost per Unit Rs.60,000 Technologies Used • Solid/Hollow Concrete Blocks • Filler slab Roof • Ferro Cement and Fly Ash Polymer Doors

33. Construction of demonstration structures using bamboo materials in Mizoram and Tripura

34. Construction of demonstration structures using bamboo materials in Mizoram and Tripura Salient Features of the Structures • Bamboo posts • Bamboo grid ferrocement walls • Bamboo trusses and purlins • Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheet Roofing

35. References http://www.engineeringcivil.com/low-cost-housing.html http://slideplayer.com http ://www.bmtpc.org/

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