Lpg and cng

1. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY-2

2. FUEL CNG LPG COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

3. COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS DEFINITION PROPERTIES USES ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS

4. COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS When the natural gas is compressed, it is called Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). The primary component present in CNG is methane. It is mainly derived from natural gas. The natural gas can either be stored in a tank of a vehicle as compressed natural gas (CNG) at 3,000 or 3,600 psi or as liquified natural gas (LNG) at typically 20-150 psi.

5. The average composition of CNG is as follows Constituents Percentage (%) Methane 88.5 Ethane 5.5 Propane 3.7 Butane 1.8 Pentane 0.5

6. CNG CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed of methane [CH 4 ]), to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure . It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 200–248 bar (2900–3600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes

7. Properties 1. CNG is the cheapest, cleanest and least environmentally impacting alternative fuel. 2. Vehicles powered by CNG produce less carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon (HC) emission. 3. It is less expensive than petrol and diesel. 4. The ignition temperature of CNG is about 550°C. 5. CNG requires more air for ignition

8. Uses CNG is used to run an automobile vehicle just like LPG.

9. Advantages of CNG over LPG 1.CNG produces less pollutants than LPG. 2.CNG is cheaper and cleaner than LPG. 3.The octane rating of CNG is high, hence the thermal efficiency is more. 4.It does not evolve sulphur and nitrogen gases. 5.It mixes very easily with air than the other gaseous fuels. 6.Noise level is much less than diesel 7.CNG vehicle limit 40% less of nitrogen oxide, 90% less of hydrocarbons, 25% less of CO 2

10. Comparison of emission levels between CNG-driven vehicles and petrol driven vehicles Pollutants Emission levels Petrol driven vehicle CNG driven vehicle CO (gm/km) 0.92 0.05 HC (gm/km) 0.36 0.24

11. APPLICATION OF CNG (CNG) is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline (petrol), diesel, or propane/LPG. CNG may also be mixed with biogas, produced from landfills or wastewater, which doesn't increase the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere. Cars and locomotives.

12. The difference between CNG and LPG Compressed natural gas (CNG) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

13. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) DEFINITION USES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS

14. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) It is obtained as a by-product during fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil or by cracking of heavy oil. It consists of propane and butane. It can be readily liquefied under pressure, so it can be economically stored and transported in cylinders.

15. The average composition of LPG is as follows Its calorific value is about 25,000 kcal/m 3 constituents percentage N-butane 38.5 Iso butane 37 propane 24.5

16. LPG Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are primarily propane (C 3 H 8 ), primarily butane (C 4 H 10 ) and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane and isobutane depending on the season — in winter more propane, in summer more butane [ . Propylene and butylenes are usually also present in small concentration. A powerful odorant, ethanethiol, is added so that leaks can be detected easily

17. Uses 1. It is used as a domestic and industrial fuel 2. It is also used as a motor fuel.

18. Advantages of LPG over gaseous fuels 1.LPG consists of hydrocarbons, so it burns cleanly without leaving any residue. 2.The LPG (hydrocarbons) has higher calorific value than the other gaseous fuels containing H2 or CO. The calorific value is 7 times higher than coal gas and 3 times higher than natural gas. 3.LPG is characterized by high thermal efficiency and heating rate.

19. 4. It is easy to manipulate. 5. Comparatively it is less of health hazard, even in case of leakage. 6. Needs little care for maintenance. 7. It is free from CO, so it is less hazardous

20. Disadvantages of LPG over other gaseous fuels 1. Due to its faint odour, leakage cannot be easily detected 2. Its octane value is low. 3. Handling must be done under high pressure. 4.LPG is suitable only for the engines working under high compression ratio.

21. Application of LPG It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas . Other industrial application includes its use in portable blow lamps, soldering, welding, annealing hardening, brazing, steel cutting etc

22. TECHNIQUE

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