LUNG ABSCESS.pptx........................

A lung abscess is a pus-filled cavity in the lung caused by a microbial infection, leading to symptoms like a persistent cough with foul-smelling sputum, fever, chest pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis is typically made with a chest X-ray, and treatment involves long courses of antibiotics, though sometimes drainage via a tube or surgical removal is necessary.
Causes
Aspiration: This is the most common cause, often occurring during a period of unconsciousness from anesthesia, sedation, or injury.
Underlying lung conditions: Diseases like bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, or lung contusions can predispose individuals to developing a lung abscess.
Bacterial infections: The most common organisms are anaerobes and mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
Immune deficiencies: Conditions that compromise the immune system can increase the risk of a lung abscess.
Other conditions: Endobronchial obstructing lung cancer can also lead to a lung abscess.
Symptoms
Fever and chills
Persistent cough, often producing foul-smelling or blood-streaked sputum
Chest pain
Fatigue and weight loss
Night sweats

1. LUNG ABSCESS PRESENTED BY: RADHIKA KULVI M.Sc(N) 2 ND YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION Lung abscess is defined as necrosis of the pulmonary tissue and formation of cavities containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. The formation of multiple small (< 2 cm) abscesses is occasionally referred to as necrotizing pneumonia or lung gangrene. Both lung abscess and necrotizing pneumonia are manifestations of a similar pathologic process. Failure to recognize and treat lung abscess is associated with poor clinical outcome.

3. MEANING Lung abscesses  are circumscribed collections of pus within the lungs.

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Due to any etiological factor(lung infection) Destroys lung parenchyma Cavitations and central necrosis Localized area of thick walled purulent material Lung Abscess

5. IMMEDIATE TREATMENT Oxygen Therapy Nebulization Bronchodialtors Analgesics Antibiotics

6. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT IV-beta lactum antibiotic plus • Cephalosporin 2nd generation • Cephalosporin 2nd generation +metronidazole • Antibiotic therapy • Oxygen therapy • Bronchodilators {salbutamol} • Suctioning • Chest physiotherapy Thoracentesis Postural drianage

7. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Segmental resection to remove a segment of a lobe. Lobectomy : Removal of disesased part of a lobe Pneumonectomy : Removal of an entire lung Thorectomy :Thoracotomy describes an incision made in the chest wall to access the contents of the thoracic cavity.

8. NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess the general condition . Collect complete history. Perform physical examination Provide comfortable bed & position. Provide nutritious diet Provide oxygen according to physician order. Provide psychological support to patient. Provide knowledge lung abscess. Provide suctioning and maintain hygiene of patient Careful monitoring of the post-operative cases Provide breathing & coughing exercises. Nebulization & steam inhalation