LWR-Group-1.pptx — Life and Works of Rizal

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1. Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood, and Early Education

2. JOSE RIZAL Born: June 19, 1861 ; Calamba, Philippines Died: December 30, 1896 (aged 35); Manila, Founder of: Liga Filipina José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda , the apostle of Philippine freedom.

3. JOSÉ PROTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA Jose - was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph) Protacio - from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar Rizal - from the word 'Ricial' in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again Mercado - adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lameo (the paternal great-greatgrandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means 'market' in English Alonso - old surname of his mother Y - and Realonda - it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by that time

4. RIZAL’S PARENTS Rizal was the seventh of the eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso married on June 28, 1848

5. He was born on Binan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818 He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila In early manhood, following his parent’s death, he moved to Calamba and became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898)

6. She was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 She was educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city. Dona Teodora (1826-1911)

7. Francisco Teodora Saturnina Narcisa Lucia Jose Josefa Soledad Paciano Olimpia Maria Concepcion Trinidad

8. Nickname: Neneng She’s the oldest of the Rizal chidren. She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas and had five children together Saturnina (1850 – 1913)

9. Also known as “Lolo Ciano” He was the older (also only) brother and confidant of Jose Rizal. After his younger brother's execution, he joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general After the Revolution, he retired to his farm in Los Baños. where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died an old bachelor aged 79. He had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena) - a boy and a girl. Paciano (1851-1930)

10. Pet Name: Sisa She was the one who found the unmarked grave of her brother in the abandoned Old Paco Cemetary. She married Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher and musician from Morong Narcisa (1852-1939)

11. Pet name: Ypia She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila, and together they had three children. She died in 1887 from childbirth when she was only 32 years old. Olimpia (1855-1887)

12. She married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas. Together, they had five children. In 1889, Mariano died due to an epidemic but was denied a Christian burial. This was due to the fact that he was the brother in law of Jose Rizal Lucia (1857-1919)

13. Nickname: Biang She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna and together they had 5 children. Mauricio Cruz, one of Maria's children became a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was known to be one of his uncle's favorites. Maria was a known recipient of many od Jose's letters during his lifetime. Maria (1859-1945)

14. Nickname: Pepe The greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius During his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong. He had a son by her, but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth. Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father and buried him in Dapitan Jose (1861-1896)

15. Pet name: Concha Concepcion did not live very long as she died of sickness at the age of 3. Her death was Rizal's first sorrow in life. Concepcion (1862-1865)

16. Pet name: Panggo She was unmarried and lived together with her younger sister Trinidad until death Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy. Josefa (1865-1945)

17. Pet name: Trining She remained unmarried and lived together with her sister Josefa Trinidad was the one who received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the "Last Farewell better known as "Mi Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896. Trinidad died in 1951, outliving all her siblings. Trinidad (1868-1951)

18. Pet name: Choleng She was the youngest of the Rizal siblings. She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba and together they had 5 children Soledad (1870-1929)

19. Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish. Domingo Lameo , Rizal's great-greatgrandfather on his father side and his wife Ines de la Rosa , Chinese Christian girl. They had a son, named Francisco Mercado, and married a girl named Cirila Bernacha. One of their sons, Juan Mercado, (Rizal's grandfather) married Cirila Alejandro. They had thirteen children, the youngest is Francisco Mercado , Rizal's Father. Rizal’s Ancestry

20. It is said that Doña Teodora's family descended from Lakan-Dula, the last native king of Tondo. Her great-grandfather (Rizal's maternal great-great-grandfather) was Eugenio Ursua (of Japanese ancestry), who married a Filipina named Benigna (surname unknown). Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan. One of the daughters of Attorney Quintos and Regina was Brigida, who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a prominent Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Binan. Then children were Narcisa, Teodora (Rizal's Mother), Gregorio, Manuel at Jose. Rizal’s Ancestry

21. The Surname Rizal The real surname of Rizal family was Mercado Rizal’s family acquired a second surname – RIZAL – which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend. According to Jose Rizal, he was the only one who uses the surname Rizal, his family prefer to use Mercado, it is said that the surname Rizal was added to their surname because there were so many Mercados in the Philippines.

22. A Good and Middle-Class Family The Rizal family belonged to the principalia , a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines. It was one of the distinguished families in Calamba. As evidence of their affluence, Rizal's parents were able to build a large stone house which was situated near the town church and to buy another one. They sent their children to the colleges in Manila. Combining affluence and culture, hospitality and courtesy, they participated prominently in all social and religious affairs in the community. They were gracious hosts to all visitors and guests friars, Spanish officials, and Filipino friends - during the town fiestas and other holidays.

23. Calamba, the Hero's Town. Calamba was an hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around it. It is a picturesque town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar-lands. His town essentially became one of his elated inspirations in his life bounded by many challenges. When a few years later Rizal recalled those happy days of his childhood in Calamba, he revealed his heart in the poem entitled "Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo" (In Memory of my Town). Rizal’s Childhood

24. His parents and siblings fondly called José as Ute . Among his friends and acquaintances especially during his Ateneo days, José was known by the nickname " Pepe " as people of the time used to call anyone José by such. The hero's first sorrow when, unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865 when she was three years old. The Mercado children were bred in a firm Catholic environment and grew up morally upright. At five years of age, José was able to read, though short of fluency, the Spanish family bible is known during the time as Historia Sagrada . Rizal’s Childhood

25. José was designed by nature to be an artist. This he revealed before he was five years of age, for without any assistance from others he began to draw with his pencil and would mold objects in wax or clay. His parents including his uncles recognized this exceptional talent and gave him all the encouragement. Uncle José Alberto , a fine artist. Uncle Gregorio , a tireless reader. Uncle Manuel , a sports and fitness enthusiast. Rizal’s Childhood

26. One time, the young boy José was seen in his Bahay Kubo by his señoras, moulding a clay figure which appeared to be Napoleon Bonaparte, the most significant French conqueror in the early part of the 19th century. Father Leoncio Lopez was a rational thinker with broad intelligence and sound judgment. One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his boyhood. Influences on Hero's Boyhood 1.) Hereditary influence, 2.) Environmental influence, 3.) Aid of Divine Providence. Rizal’s Childhood

27. Rizal's Early Education Rizal's Early Informal Education. Rizal's first teacher was his mother , who was a remarkable woman of good character and fascinating culture. As Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second Maestro Lucas Padua . Later, an old man named Leon Monroy . (869-1871) He was sent to a school for boys in the town of Biñan, where his uncle José Alberto was residing. His teacher was Señor Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

28. Rizal's Early Education First Day in Biñan (1869-1871). Paciano brought his dear brother to Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz . He introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he left to return to Calamba. First School Brawl . In the afternoon of his day in school when the teacher was his siesta, Jose met the bully, Pedro . The boys grapple furiously in the classroom, much to the elation of their classmates. After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Painting Lesson in Biñan . Near the school was the house of an old painter, called Juancho , who was the father-in-law of the school teacher. Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevera , became apprentice of the old painter.

29. Rizal's Early Education Best student in school . He transcends them all in Spanish, Latin and other subjects. End of Schooling in Biñan . In 1870 before the Christmas season, Jose received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the streamer Talim, which would take him from Biñan to Calamba. He left Biñan on Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870 , after one year and a half of schooling in that town.

30. Rizal's Early Education (The Martyrdom of GOMBURZA) Cavite Mutiny, ( January 20, 1872 ), brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement. At sunrise of February 17, 1872, Fathers Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora , together with their co-accused Zaldua, were escorted under heavy guard from Fort Santiago to the Luneta.

31. Rizal's Early Education Injustice of Hero's Mother . He was making preparations to depart when injustice occurred which threw the first shadow across his happy young life. His mother was thrown into prison, accused of a crime of which she was so wholly incapable of being that everybody knew it was a pure fabrication. The charge against her was that she had conspired with her brother, Alberto, to kill his wife, who had separated from him. The poor Doña Teodora was forced to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz, a distance of 50 kilometers, and upon reaching there, she was imprisoned at the provincial jail for two years.

32. Rizal's Early Education Life and Studies at Ateneo (1872-1877) . On June 10, 1872 , Jose accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila. He took the examinations on Christian doctrine, reading, and arithmetic, at the college of San Juan de Letran, and passed them. Upon his return to Manila, Jose, again accompanied by Paciano, enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal. At first, Father Magin Ferrando , who was college registrar, refused to admit him for two reasons: He was late for registrar, and He was sickly and undersized for his age. Rizal was then eleven years old.

33. Rizal's Early Education However, upon the intercessions of Manuel Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, he was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo. Jose Rizal was the first of his family to embrace the surname "Rizal." Jesuits System of Education . It trained the students to have good character through rigid discipline and religious instruction. It promoted material culture, humanities, and scientific studies. First Year in Ateneo (1872-1873). Rizal's first professor in Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech. After the first week, the infirm Calamba boy advanced swiftly. At the end of the month, he became "emperor".

34. Rizal's Early Education Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874). Nothing unusual happened during Rizal's second term in the Ateneo, except that he got remorse full having failed to look after his studies the past year simply because he was upset by the teacher's remarks. So, to get back his lost class leadership, he studied harder, once more he became "emperor". Third Year in Ateneo (1875-1875). In June 1874, Rizal returned to the Ateneo for his junior year. Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother arrived and joyously told him that she was released from prison, just as he had predicted during his last visit to her prison cell in Santa Cruz, Laguna.

35. Rizal's Early Education Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1876). On June 16, 1875, he became an intern in Ateneo. One of his professors this time was Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, a great educator and scholar. He became an admirer and friend of the slender Calambala, whose God-given genius he saw and recognized. Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877). After the summer vacation, Rizal returned to Manila in June 1876 for his last year in the Ateneo. His studies continued to fare well. As matter-of-fact, he excelled in all subjects. The most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was indeed "the pride of the Jesuits". Graduated with Highest Honors. Rizal graduated head of his class. His scholastic record received a top mark in all subjects at the Ateneo from 1872

36. Rizal's Early Education First Romance of Rizal. Shorty after his graduation from Ateneo, Rizal, who was then 16 years old, experienced his first romance-"that painful experience which comes to a nearly adolescents". The girl was Segunda Katigbak , a pretty 14 year old Batanguena from Lipa. Unfortunately, Segunda was already engaged to be married to her townmate, Manuel Luz, and although Rizal had gotten hints of the lady's affection for him, he timidly decided to back away and did not propose.

37. Thank You!