lymphatic_system L1 lymphatic system, lymph, nodes, vessels,

lymphatic system, lymph, nodes, vessels,

1. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM By Riyaz Ahmed Asst. prof . Dpt. P harmacology YPCRC

2. Contents Specific learning objectives Introduction to lymph Functions of lymphatic system Lymphatic circulation Lymphatic vessels

3. Specific learning objectives After studying this section, you should be able to: Describe the parts and functions of lymphatic system Describe the composition of lymph Explain the lymphatic circulation Identify the locations and functions lymphatic vessels of the body. of the main

4. Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a major part of the body's immune system The lymphatic system is a subset of the circulatory system, with a number of actions. The lymphatic system is a network of organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels that make and move lymph from tissues of the blood stream. Lymphatic system is a specialized form of reticular connective tissue that consists of tissues and organs that produce, mature and store lymphocytes and macrophages , for the body's defence purposes.

5. It acts as a transport channel that carries white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones and antigen presenting cells to the lymph nodes. Lymphatic capillaries reabsorb excessive tissue fluid and transport the fluid through the lymphatic pathway, and ultimately dispose it into the blood. Lymphatic vessels carry lipid and lipid soluble vitamins absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract to blood.

6. Lymphatic system consists of 🞑 Lymph 🞑 Lymph vessels 🞑 Lymph nodes 🞑 Lymph organs 🞑 Diffuse lymphoid tissue 🞑 Bone marrow

7. Essentially a drainage system accessory to venous system larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

8. Functions of the Lymphatic System 24- Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid/ Tissue drainage: 🞑 returns it to the venous circulation 🞑 maintain blood volume levels 🞑 prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control. Transport dietary lipids: 🞑 transported through lacteals 🞑 drain into larger lymphatic vessels 🞑 eventually into the bloodstream. lymphocyte development , and the immune response .

9. FORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF TISSUE FLUID Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

10. Components of the Lymphatic System 24 Lymph Lymphatic Vessels 🞑 Lymphatic Capillaries 🞑 Lymphatic Vessels 🞑 Lymphatic Trunks 🞑 Lymphatic Ducts Lymphatic Organs 🞑 Thymus 🞑 Lymph Nodes 🞑 Spleen 🞑 Tonsils Lymphatic cells Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

11. A. Lymph Lymph is a clear watery fluid, similar in composition to plasma, with the important exception of plasma proteins, and identical in composition to interstitial fluid. Lymph transports the plasma proteins that sweep out of the capillary beds back to the bloodstream. Lymph absorbs fats in small intestine and becomes milky Chyle It also carries away bacteria and cell debris from damaged tissues, which then filtered out and destroyed by the lymph nodes.

12. Composition of lymph

13. B. Lymph Vessels Lymphatic capillaries Lymphatic collecting vessels Lymphatic trunks Lymphatic ducts

14. Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

15. 1. Lymphatic Capillaries 24- Features of structure: Blind end Single layer of overlapping endothelial cells More permeable than that of blood capillary Absent from avascular structures, brain, spinal cord splenic pulp and bone marrow Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

16. Lymphatic Capillaries – Lacteals 24- The small intestine contains special types of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals . Lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid, but also dietary lipids and lipid- soluble vitamins. The lymph of this area has a milky color due to the lipid and is also called chyle.

17. 2. Lymphatic Vessels 24- Features of structure Three layered wall but thinner than vein Outer fibrous covering Middle muscle layer Inner endothelium More numerous valves than in vein & Interposed by lymph nodes at intervals Arranged in superficial and deep sets

18. 3. LYMPH TRUNKS right and left jugular trunks right and left subclavian trunks right and left bronchomediastinal trunks right and left lumbar trunks intestinal trunk Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

19. 4. LYMPHATIC DUCTS 24- Right lymphatic duct Formed by union of right jugular , subclavian , and bronchomediastinal trunks Ends by entering the right venous angle to right subclavian vein Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

20. , Thoracic duct Begins in front of L1 as a dilated sac, the cisterna chyli formed by left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk Enter thoracic cavity & ascends Travels upward, veering to the left at the level of T 5 LYMPHATIC DUCTS Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

21. THORACIC DUCT….. At the root of the neck, it turns laterally arches forwards and descends to enter the left venous angle before termination, it receives the left jugular, Subclavian and broncho- mediastinal trunk Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

22. DRAINAGE PATTERN RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT - Receives lymph from right half of head, neck, thorax and right upper limb, right lung, right side of heart, right surface of liver THORACIC DUCT - Drains lymph from lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left side of thorax, and left side of the head, neck and left upper limb Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

23. Lymphatic Cells 24- Also called lymphoid cells. Located in both the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system. Work together to elicit an immune response. Types of lymphatic cells are: 🞑 macrophages 🞑 epithelial cells 🞑 dendritic cells 🞑 lymphocytes

24. Derivation and Distribution of Lymphocytes Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

25. Summary Lymph is a colourless fluid derived from the ECF It is circulates through lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks and lymphatic ducts and finally reaches heart through venecava. It mainly helps in the maintenance of ECF volume, absorption of nutrients from food in intestines and in maturation of T and B cells

26. References Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E- book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H., 2018. Principles of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley & Sons. Sembulingam, K. and Sembulingam, P., 2012. Essentials of medical physiology. JP Medical Ltd. Swati V Jogdand et al., Human Anatomy and Physiology I, TCA pharma, Technical publications Deepa K Ingawale and Satish K Mandlik, Human Anatomy and Physiology I (Nirali prakashan) Mahesh Prasad et al., Human Anatomy and Physiology I (Nirali prakashan) S.B.Bhise and Yadav Human Anatomy and Physiology I (Nirali prakashan) Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) 26

27. Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) 27