Lysosome and parixosome

ppt

1. Lysosomes and parixosome Presented by : Patel Vanita l M. Sc sem : 1 botany Paper No : 403 Department of life sciences , H.N.G.U. , Patan

2. Contents Lysosomes - Introduction - Ultra structure - chemical composition - function Parixosome - Introduction - Ultra structure - function

3. Lysosomes Introduction The name lysosomes derives from the greek words lysis which means dissolution or destruction and soma, which means body. Lysosomes are large spherical organelles that contain enzymes.

4. Structure The size of lysosomal particles ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 micron in the cell of mammalian kidney , they are about 5 micron. The Ultra structure of lysosome shows that it is basically a vacuole.

5. Chemical composition Chemically , the unit membrane of lysosomes is made up of lipoprotenis. The ratio of the lipids and proteins may be 1:1. Enzymes : Lipids which digests lipids Amylase which digest carbohydrates Protease which digest proteins Nucleases which digest nucleic acids It's also contain vitamin A & E.

6. Function 1. Lysosomes are the cell garbage disposal system. 2. Digestion of external particle foreign proteins and other larger particles of food are digested by lysosomes. 3. The contents of the two bodies are mixed together so that the enzymes of lysosomes come in contact with the ingested molecules and digest them. 4. Destruction of aged red blood cells and dead cell.

7. Peroxisomes Introduction They are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. Humans cell may contain upto hundared peroxisomes depending on type of cell. They are called " peroxisomes " because they are the sites of synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide. A highly reactive and toxic oxidizing agent.

8. Structure Most organelles are created by budding off the endomembrane system , but that is not the case with peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are created by taking in proteins and lipids from the cytoplasm of the cell. The influx of proteins and lipids makes the peroxisomes grow in size.

9. The end result is a single membrane bound organelle with lipids and proteins that act as enzymes. They are at least 32 known peroxisomal proteins called peroxins, which carry out peroxisomal function inside the organelle.

10. They are particles of about 100 - 500 nm in diameter. It has a denes matrix that contain enzymes. More than 30 different enzymes are present in parixosomes.

11. Function Participates in the synthesis of bile acids ion liver cells. Participates in the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid. Participares in the synthesis of the lipids used to make myclin. B -oxidation of very long chain fatty acids provides the cell with a major source of metabolic energy.

12. Biosynthesis of plasmogenes, ether phospholipids which are necessary for brain and lungs. Absence of peroxisomes can lead to abnormalities, specially brain discorders.

13. References Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology P.S Verma and Agarwal

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