Machine Hand tool.ppt

I make this ppt for engineering students to help us the Hand tool understand about the Hand tool For better understanding we made about hand tools for engineering and fitter trainees. This ppt is on Basics of Mechanical Engineer's Hand Tool. Students and teachers understand basic handling tools and are most effective in style.

1. HAND TOOLS
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2. Principle:
•A tool is a device that isused to perform a simple task, such as
grasping, cutting, guiding or gaining a mechanical advantage.
•A hand tool isany tool that is powered by hand rather than a
motor.
•Your hand tools are an important part of your job, and should
be treated, cared-for, and used in a professional manner.
•Hand tools can be just as dangerous as power tools and other
equipment when not properly used, stored, or maintained.
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3. OBJECTIVE
•Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
hand tool.
•Select the proper hand tool for the job.
•Demonstrate skills in using various hand tools.
•Demonstrate how to use hand tools safely.Maintain, repair, or
replace damaged tools.
•Demonstrate good craftsmanship in the performance of daily
tasks.
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4. Types of Hand Tools
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•HAMMERS.
•BENCH VICE
•SCREWDRIVERS.
•CLAMPS.
•SPANNER/WRENCH.
•PLIERS.
•TAPE MEASURE.
•FILES AND RASPS.
•ALLEN KEY.

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6. Hammers
•A hammer is a tool which has a weighted head fixed on a long
handle. It is used to deliver an impact on a small area of an object.
•Hammers are classifiedby the weight of the head and the length
of the handle.
•A hammer head is generally made up of aheat-treated
steel(forsurface hardness). Handle of a hammer is generally
made from wood.
1. Claw and Farming Hammers:
•While these hammers all feature a round
head for driving nails, the claw end is every
bit as useful for prying, splitting wood, tearing drywall and other
small demolition tasks.
•The common curved claw hammer has a 7-20 oz(0.2-0.6 kg) head
and a 12-13 in (30.5-33.0 cm) handle.
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7. 2. Ball Peen Hammer :
•The ball peen hammer was originally
designed for peening, orshaping metal
materials by hammering.
•One end of the head is ball-shaped for this purpose. The
other end is flat and is used for driving.
3. Sledge Hammer:
•Sledge hammers are larger than most
hammers and feature a metal, mallet-like
head. Heavier sledge hammers with
longer handles are intended to be swung with both hands.
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8. 4. Chipping And Riveting hammer:
•Chipping hammers are great for breaking
concrete.
•Welding and riveting hammers can help remove slag from
welds.
•Chipping and riveting hammers are used in Mining,
Manufacturing, Construction, Welding, etc.
5. Mallet :
•Mallet is a block on a handle, which is usually
used for driving chisels. The head on a rubber
mallet is made of rubber.
•These types of hammers deliver softer impact than hammers
with metal heads. They are essential if your work needs to be
free of impact marks.
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9. BENCH VICE
•It is a work holding device use to hold work for such a operation as
filing, chipping, tapping, threading, etc.
•The body of the vice is a made of cast iron or steel.
•The fix jaws remains stationary and only the movable jaws moves
and grippes the workpiece when spindle is tightened.
•It specified by the width of the jaws.
•B.I.S. 75-150 mm parallel jaw bench vice.
•There is a knurling on the jaws so that the workpiece can be gripped.
CONSTRUCTION:
Parts Material
•Fixed jaw Gray Cast iron
•Movable jaw Gray Cast iron
•Jaw plates High carbon steel
•Spindle Mild steel case hardening
•Handle Mild steel
•Box nut Gunmetal
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10. PRINCIPLE
•When the movable jaw is rotated with the help of spindle
through the screw nut, it works in linear motion.
•The screw nut are acme thread i.e. 29
0
.
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Other Bench Vices include:
•Welder’s Corner Angle Vice Clamps
•Woodworking Vices
•Precision Tool Makers Vices –
Screw TypeorPin Type
•Drill Press Vices
•Milling Vices
•2-Wayand3-WaySwivel and Tilting Vices
•Shop Bench vice
•Pipe vice
•Hand vice
•Drill vice

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https://youtu.be/jNoc6Nw1VXM

13. Screwdrivers
•A screwdriver is classifiedby its tip,
which is shaped to fit the driving surfaces
—slots, grooves, recesses, etc.—on the
corresponding screw head.
•Screwdrivers are specified according
to the shank length and blade width.
•Shank length –It varies from 2 Inches
to 18 Inches. It is made of carbon
or alloy steel.
•Blade width –It varies from 3 to 10 mm.
It is also made of the same metal as the
shaft. But, to prevent tears it is hardened
and tempered.
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15. Spanner
•The name of a spanner is derived from either its shape, its use, or
its construction.
•A single ended spanner isone that is suitable for one size of a
bolt, head or nut. Its opening is often offset at a 15°angle so that
the hexagonal nut can be given complete rotation by the spanner's
"flopping" in just 30°
•Double Open Ended Spanner isgenerally used for tightening and
loosening of rotary fasteners such as nuts and bolts.
•Spanners are often made bydrop forge Alloy Steel or Carbon Steel
and Chrome Vanadium Steel.
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16. •Types:
1. Stubby Spanner:
•Referred to in polite circles as a short body
spanner, it is a smaller version of a
combination spanner, which allows it to be
fitted in more confined spaces
2. Adjustable Spanner:
•Commonly known as crescent spanner, these
are some of the most popular spanners available.
•They have an open end with spirals screws that opens or close the
crescent as you rotate it.
•You can adjust the jaw width by turning a built-in screw at the base of
the head.
3. Allen Spanner:
•it consists of a hexagonal bar oftool steel
shaped into the form of an L, either end
of which fits into the recess..
•Allen spanners come in either SAE or metric sizes, so when you’re
working with an SAE fastener and an Imperial key or vice versa, there’s
little to guess what size will work.
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17. 4. Ring Spanner
•The ring spanner has an attached loop at
either end.
•The ring head fits into either hexagonal or square bolt heads
and can provide enough torque to loosen even tougher bolts.
5. Combination Spanner:
•One side is a closed-loop for hexagonal or square nuts, while
the other end is an open U-shape.
•Often used for harder nuts, the closed-end
loosens the nut so that the open end can
be used to open it quickly. Like sockets.
6. Cross Wheel Spanner
•This aptly named tool is either an “L” shape with a single
socket opening at the end or a larger, “X” shaped design.
•They are used to tighten or loosen the nuts
on cars, giving them the nickname wheel brace
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18. PLIERS
•Pliers is a hand tool having two legs joined by pivot.
•Its each leg consist of a long handle and short jaw.
•It is classified by the shape of mouth and overall length. e.g.
150mm to 230mm.
•It is generally made of cast steel.
Combination pliers areheavy-duty,
side-cutting pliers, which are designed
for all regular wire-cutting needs.
They have gripping jaws, a cutting edge,
and insulating handle grips that reduce
(but don't eliminate) the risk of electric
shock from contact with live wires.
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19. 1. Needle Nose Plier:
•Needle nose pliers are termed as a longer
jaw which tapers down to a point.
•These types of pliers work quite well for more
delicate tasks or jobs which need to be done in any smaller
space.
2. Slip Joint Pliers:
•A slip joint plier got its name from the slip
joints.
•These are the types of pliers which have an
adjustable pivot point that allows the two pieces of the plier
to move and also extends the range of the jaws.
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20. 3. Cutting Pliers:
•Cutting pliers are also termed as diagonal
cutting pliers which are staple in the electrical
tool kit.
•These types of feature are relatively short jaw that set up a
particular angle away from the handles.
5. Tongue & Groove Pliers:
•Tongue-and-groove pliers are those pliers
which operate on the same principles as
that of slip joints so that they can be a subset of that category
instead of an entirely separate one.
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21. FILES
•A file is a hardened steel tool having parallel raw of cutting
edges on its surface.
•files are classified and named according to three main factor
size & shape, type orcut teeth, andsectional form.
•The file for fine work vary from 100 to 200 mm and those for
heavier work vary from 200 to 450 mm in length.
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22. Types Of Cut
•There are four types of cuts: Single cut, Double cut, Rasp cut,
Curved cut file.
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23. GRADES
•Grades are determined by the spacing of the teeth.
1.Rough file: Is used for removing rapidly a larger quantity of
metal.
2.Bastard file: Is used in cases where there is a heavy
reduction of material.
3.Second cut file: Is used to give a good finish on metals.
4.Smooth file: Is used to remove small quantity of material
and to give a good finish.
5.Dead smooth file: Is used to
bring to accurate size with a
high degree of finish.
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24. File Shapes
•The shape of a file is specified by its cross-section.
1.Flat file
2.Square file
3.Hand file
4.Pillar file
5.Round file
6.Half round file
7.Triangular (or three square) file
8.Knife file
9.Warding file
10.Mill saw file
11.Swiss pattern file
12.Needle file 24

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27. Conclusion
•Most of the job is knowing which tools to use. Using the right tool
in the right way will make your work go a lot easier, safer and with a
better end result.
•Please make sure you treat the tools with respect, and put them
back where they belong so the next person can find them.
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