Macro nutrients subject soil and soil fertility bsc Ag hons.

Agriculture soil and soil fertility

1. NAMASTAE ALL OF YOU Prepared by : Shyam dev singh Uday shah Abisheke yadav Badri yadav.

2. Welcome To our presentation

3. Prepared by : Shyam dev singh Uday shah Abisheke yadav Badri yadav.

4. Topic:Macronutrients

5. Macronutrients:- Macronutrients are the nutrients required by the plant in large amount. There are two type of macronutrients are given below:- 1.Primary Macronutrients:- nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). 2.Secondary Macronutrients:- calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S).

6. Primary Macronutrients Primary macronutrients are essential elements required by plants in relatively large quantities for healthy growth and development. The primary macronutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

7. symbol : N; available to plants as nitrate ( NO 3 – ) , and ammonium ( NH 4 + ) ions . Nitrogen is one of the major constituents of proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins and hormones, coenzymes, and nucleotides. Nitrogen promotes rapid growth, increases leaf size and quality, and promotes fruit and seed development . Pale green to light yellow colour (chlorosis) appearing first on older leaves, usually starting at the tips. Nitrogen

8. include stunted growth, pale yellow leaves, and reduced yield. Deficiency symptoms:- Nitrogen deficient soybean; lower leaves turn uniformly pale green, then yellow

9. symbol : P; available to plants as orthophosphate ions (HPO 4 2 – , H 2 PO 4 – ). In photosynthesis and respiration, P plays a major role in energy storage and transfer as ADP and ATP (adenosine di -phosphate and triphosphate ) . Phosphorus Phosphorus is important for energy transfer and the development of root systems, flowers, and fruits.

10. Deficiency symptoms :- include purplish coloring on leaves, poor root development, and low fruit production. Lack of P causing symptoms of dark to blue-green coloration to appear on older leaves of some plants

11. symbol: K; available to plants as the ion K + Potassium regulates water uptake, enzyme activation, and the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins. opening and closing of stomata activation of enzymes and in the maintenance of the turgidity of cells It is also help in disease reistance . Potassium

12. Small plants, brown margins on lower leaves, small weak stems, poor yield and quality symptoms first appear in older leaves Deficiency symptoms:- Include yellowing and browning of leaf margins, reduced fruit quality, and weak stems

13. Secondary Macronutrients Secondary macronutrients are required by plants in smaller quantities but are still essential for growth and development. The secondary macronutrients are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S)

14. symbol : Ca; available to plants as the ion Ca 2+ Calcium is involved in many plant processes, including cell elongation, cell division, germination, pollen growth, activates enzymes, and is a structural component of cell walls Calcium

15. Deficiency symptoms :- include distorted leaf development, stunted growth, and weak stems. symptoms first appear on the younger leaves and leaf tips. The growing tips of roots and leaves turn brown and die. In some crops, younger leaves may be cupped and crinkled, with the terminal bud deteriorating. Calcium deficient tomato; young leaves become twisted and cupped.

16. symbol : Mg; available to plants as the ion Mg 2+ The predominant role of Mg is as a major constituent of the chlorophyll molecule, and it is therefore actively involved in photosynthesis. It is used for fruit and nut formation and essential for germination of seeds. Magnesium

17. Deficiency symptoms :- include yellowing between leaf veins, reduced growth, and lower fruit quality. The deficiency symptom of interveinal chlorosis first appears in older leaves. Leaf tissue between the veins may be yellowish, bronze, or reddish, while the leaf veins remain green. Magnesium deficient corn; interveinal chlorosis of older leaves

18. symbol : S; available to plants as the sulphate ion, SO 4 2– Sulphur . Sulfur is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and vitamins.  It enhances oil synthesis in crops Role in photosynthesis by involving in structural formation of chlorophyll in leaves.

19. Deficiency symptoms:- include pale yellow leaves, stunted growth, and reduced yield. Fruits often do not mature fully & remain light green in colour . In Brassica species, leaves shows cupping & curling

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