maintenance of health.pptx

Health maintenance refers to any activity or behavior undertaken primarily for the purpose of protecting or assuring current level of health.
It is activities that preserve an individuals present state of health and also prevents occurence of disease and injury.
It consist of surveillance , level of preventions and health education .

1. MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH By:Rakhi panwar

2. INTRODUCTION: Health maintenance refers to any activity Or behaviour undertaken primarily for the Purpose of protecting or assuring current level of health.

3. Definition of health according to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION:

4. DEFINITION: •Behaviour directed toward maintaining a current level of health. • “ Health maintenance refers to the activities that preserve an individuals presents state of health and also prevents occurance of disease and injury.”

5. Factors affecting our health ?

6. Diet/nutrition Exercise Sleep Hygiene(personal & environmental)

7. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant and Animal based foods that provides nutrients to the body . Macronutrients are consumed relatively in large quantities inclues proteins, carbohydrate and fats Micronutrients: vitamin and minerals in relatively smaller quantities The MEDITERRANEAN diet is commonly associated with health promoting effects.(reduce risk of chronic diseases).

8. Dietary goals(Recommended by WHO) Junk food should be avoided Fats and alcohol should be restricted. Salt intake should be not more than 5g/day Protein should Account for 10% of daily intake Carbohydrate rich in natural fibre should be taken (excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates should be avoided)

9. Physical exercise enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It strengthens one’s bones and muscles and improve the cardiovasular systems. According to national institutes of health there are 4 types of exercises:endurance ,flexibility, strength and balance. The CDC states that physical exercise can reduce the risk of heart diseases, Cancer, type-2 DM, Obesity, depression, anxiety, high bp.

10. AGE & CONDITION Newborn(0-3 months) Infants(4-11 months) Toddler(1-2 years) Preschoolers(4-5years) School age children(6-13years) Teenagers(14-17years Adults(18-64 years) Older adults(65<) SLEEP NEEDS 14-17 hours 12-15 hours 11-14 hours 10-13 hours 09-11 hours 08-10 hours 07-09 hours 07-08 hours

11. HYGIENE: personal  hygiene  practices to prevent infection and illness, such as  bathing  and  washing hands  with soap;  brushin g and flossing teeth ; storing, preparing and handling  food safely ; and many others.

12. Steps towards maintenance of health :

13. HEALTH PROMOTION Health maintenance Health Screening or surveillance Disease prevention Health education and counselling

14. • Health maintenance focuses on Known potential health risks and seeks to prevent them or identify them early so that interventions can occur. • Health promotion looks at the strengths and goals of individuals ,families and populations and seeks to use them to assist in reaching higher level of wellness.

15. (A)DISEASE PREVENTION: “Activities designed to protect patients or the members of public from actual or potential health threats and their harmful consequences.” OR “prevention is the action aimed at eradicating, eliminating or minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”

16. Level of prevention : (1)Primordial prevention (2)Primary prevention (3)Secondary prevention (4)Tertiary prevention

17. (B) SURVEILLANCE: Continuous scrutiny of factors that determines occurrence and distribution of disease. Examples:Epidemiological surveillance , demographic surveillance ,nutritional surveillance and sentinel surveillance.

18. OBJECTIVE: •health Planning •Control of disease •Data on new and changing trends •to provide timely warnings

19. TYPES: ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE

20. (i) ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE • health workers actively goes to house every fortnight to detect cases and collect data. Mostly used when diseases is targated for eradication and elimination Example :leprosy,Neonatal tetanus .

21. (ii) PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE Data is itself reported to health system passively. Example :patients coming to PHC ,CHC and private practitioner . Disease like : mumps, diphtheria and hepatitis Less expensive

22. (iii) SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE : It’s a study of disease rates in a specific population to estimate trends in larger population . Minimizes : reporting bias (true morbidity is measured ) Done for HIV

23. OBJECTIVE : • to identify missing cases and supplementing the notified cases •old + new cases

24. (C) HEALTH EDUCATION “Process by which individual and groups of people learn to behave in a manner which is conductive to the promotion and maintenance or restoration of health.”

25. Aims and objectives: Encourage people to adopt and sustain Health promoting lifestyle Promote the proper use of health service To promote skills and change attitude .

26. Changing concept of health education : OLD Prevention of disease Modification of individual behavior Community participation NEW Promotion of healthy lifestyle Modification of social environment Community involvement and self reliance .

27. Role of community health workers/nurses in health maintenance :

28. Community health services are classified into: Preventive health services such as chemoprophylaxis  for  Tuberculosis ,  cancer screening  and treatment of  diabetes  and  hypertension . Promotive health services  such as  Health education ,  family planning ,  vaccination  and  nutritional supplementation

29. Curative health service s such as treatment of  jiggers ,  lice  infestation,  Malaria  and  Pneumonia . Rehabilitative health services such as provision of  prosthetics ,  Social work ,  Occupationa l therapy ,  Physica l therap y,   Counselling and other  Mental health services.

30. Community health volunteers provide the most basic services such as distribution of  Water chlorination  tablets, mosquito nets ,   Health education  material  and etc.