Major BIOMES for Terrestrial and Water.ppt

Biomes

1. BIOMES

2. What is a Biome?
•Major region characterized by its climate, soil, plants,
animals, and other organisms that live there.
•Climate - weather conditions over long period of time.weather conditions over long period of time.
•Climate determines where biomes are located.
•Climate determines what organisms live in certain areas.

3. Climate
•Has 2 major elements
–Temperature
•organisms adapted to live
within certain range of
temperatures
–Moisture (rainfall)
•degree of rainfall in an
area determines that
area’s life forms.

4. Factors affecting climate
•Altitude –gets colder the higher up you go
•Latitude -gets colder the farther north/south of the
equator you go
–Most of food on Earth is grown between 30-60
degrees north and south of the equator
-- Do we live in this latitude??--

6. 11 Different Biomes

7. Tropical RainforestTropical Rainforest

8. Tropical Rainforest
•Has half of the world's plant and animal species.
•Found in: Places near equator such as Central and South
America and Central Africa
•Plants: Orchids and Venus Fly Trap
•Animals: Spider monkey, Parrots, sloth, poison arrow frog
•Soil contains few nutrients, most nutrients in plants.
•Has 4 layers to forest
–Emergent layer – tallest trees above rest of forest
–Canopy – top of normal trees
–Lower canopy – epiphytes – plants that grow on tree trunks – not
soil - because light is so far from ground.
–Understory – lowest level, much darker

9. SavannaSavanna

10. Savanna
•Grasslands with some widely spaced trees.
•Annual rainfall low due to prolonged annual dry
season.
•Wide range of temperature during year.
•Many animals only active during rainy seasons.
•Plants: Elephant grass and Gum tree euclyptus
•Animals: Zebras, lions, water buffalo, and
elephants.

11. TaigaTaiga

12. TaigaTaiga
•Consists of coniferous forests (cone bearing)Consists of coniferous forests (cone bearing)
•Found in Found in Northern HemisphereNorthern Hemisphere
•Growing season very shortGrowing season very short
•Winters long and coldWinters long and cold
•Nearly constant daylight in Nearly constant daylight in summersummer
•Plants: Pine trees, Spruce and Fir trees Plants: Pine trees, Spruce and Fir trees
•Animals: Wolves, bears, lynxesAnimals: Wolves, bears, lynxes

13. Tundra

14. Tundra
•Found between Taiga and permanent ice of Found between Taiga and permanent ice of
North Pole.North Pole.
•Low precipitationLow precipitation
•1 in. layer of Permafrost1 in. layer of Permafrost – layer of soil that is – layer of soil that is
always frozen.always frozen.
•Very short Very short warmwarm season that is very wet season that is very wet
•Plants: Grass, lichen, and herbsPlants: Grass, lichen, and herbs
•Animals: reindeer, foxes, owls, caribouAnimals: reindeer, foxes, owls, caribou

15. Activity
•Pick a partner.
•For each biome we discussed, pick an animal
you would not see in that environment.
•Change a feature of that animal so that it can
adapt to; live in that area.
•Tell me what that feature is and why it will
help them in their new environment.

16. Desert
.

17. Desert
•Get less than Get less than 25 cm 25 cm of rain each yearof rain each year
•Has little or no vegetationHas little or no vegetation
•Driest places on earthDriest places on earth
•Often located in the interiors of continents Often located in the interiors of continents
and on and on drydry side of mountain ranges side of mountain ranges
•Plants: Cactus, Joshua Tree, & Soaptree YuccaPlants: Cactus, Joshua Tree, & Soaptree Yucca
•Animals: Kangaroo Rat, Lizards, & Animals: Kangaroo Rat, Lizards, &
RattlesnakesRattlesnakes

18. Grassland

19. Grasslands
•Between equator and polesBetween equator and poles
•Has tall, perennial grasses and lacks trees.Has tall, perennial grasses and lacks trees.
•2 Types 2 Types
–1. 1. TropicalTropical grasslands: hot grasslands: hot year-round,year-round, very dry, very dry,
season of heavy rain. season of heavy rain.
–2. 2. TemperateTemperate grasslands: cold winters and hot grasslands: cold winters and hot
summers. summers.
•Plants: Grass, Sunflowers, Blazing Stars, CloverPlants: Grass, Sunflowers, Blazing Stars, Clover
•Animals: Bobcats, Geese, Wolves, Eagles, BisonAnimals: Bobcats, Geese, Wolves, Eagles, Bison

20. Deciduous Forest

21. Deciduous Forest
•Deciduous – trees that shed leaves in fallDeciduous – trees that shed leaves in fall
•Mild climates; plentiful rainMild climates; plentiful rain
•Warm Summers, cold wintersWarm Summers, cold winters
•Found in eastern U.S. Found in eastern U.S.
•Plants: Oak, Hickory, and Beech treesPlants: Oak, Hickory, and Beech trees
•Animals: Deer, bears, raccoons, rabbitsAnimals: Deer, bears, raccoons, rabbits

22. Evergreen Forest

23. Evergreen Forest
•Located southeastern and western U.S.Located southeastern and western U.S.
•Cold, dry climate.Cold, dry climate.
•Evergreens stay green all year, not shedding Evergreens stay green all year, not shedding
leaves.leaves.
•Plants: Pine trees, Douglas fir, Giant sequoiaPlants: Pine trees, Douglas fir, Giant sequoia
•Animals: Squirrels, raccoons, moose, deer, Animals: Squirrels, raccoons, moose, deer,
black and brown bearsblack and brown bears

24. Freshwater

25. Freshwater
•Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers.Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers.
•Life zones:Life zones:
–based on access to lights/nutrientsbased on access to lights/nutrients
–vary by depth/clarity of watervary by depth/clarity of water
•LittoralLittoral
–ShallowShallow
–Well litWell lit
–Communities most diverseCommunities most diverse
•LimneticLimnetic
–Too deep for rootsToo deep for roots
–Well lit, so supports phytoplanktonWell lit, so supports phytoplankton
•ProfundalProfundal
–Too deep for photosynthesisToo deep for photosynthesis
–DecomposersDecomposers

26. Wetlands
•Swamps, marshes, bogs.Swamps, marshes, bogs.
•Covered with water-tolerant plants Covered with water-tolerant plants
called hydrophytes.called hydrophytes.
–Pond lilies, cattails, sedges, lamarack, and Pond lilies, cattails, sedges, lamarack, and
spruce.spruce.
•Animals: Alligators, Heron, & lung fishAnimals: Alligators, Heron, & lung fish
•Very productive to ecosystem.Very productive to ecosystem.
•Helps moderate flooding in other areas.Helps moderate flooding in other areas.

27. Marine

28. Wetlands

29. Marine
•¾ of Earth covered by Ocean¾ of Earth covered by Ocean
•3 major types3 major types
–Shallow OceanShallow Ocean
•Shoreline; smallest areaShoreline; smallest area
•Large number of species due to nutrients washed out from Large number of species due to nutrients washed out from
land.land.
–Surface of Open SeaSurface of Open Sea
•Ocean surface where light penetratesOcean surface where light penetrates
•Organisms: Plankton, bacteria, algae, whales, fish, etc.Organisms: Plankton, bacteria, algae, whales, fish, etc.
–Ocean DepthsOcean Depths
•Deepest partDeepest part
•Totally dark, very cold, and under great water pressureTotally dark, very cold, and under great water pressure
•Organisms: Giant squids & angler fishersOrganisms: Giant squids & angler fishers

30. Activity
•Group of 4
•Each group will draw a biome with types of
plants and 2 types of animals of that biome.
•On back, list the characteristics of that biome,
climate, and types of plants and animals.
•List one thing I did not tell you in notes.
•Each group will present their biome to the class.
•Class will grade each others presentations.