Major industries

major Industries class -8

1. Distribution of major industries and comparative case studies .

2. I NTRODUCTION : IN THE PREVIOUS CHAPTER WE HAVE STUDIED ABOUT THE INDUSTRIES, ON WHAT BASIS ARE THEY CLASSIFIEF , FACTORS AFFECTING THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES ETC. THIS CHAPTER WE ARE MAINLY FOCUSING ON THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES,TEXTILE INDUSTRIES AND THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY.

3. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY: THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IS CONSIDERED AS A BASIC INDUSTRY AS IT HELPED PAVE THE WAY FOR MODERN CIVILISATION. STEEL IS TOUGH AND STRONG . IT IS OBTAINED WHEN IRON IS ALLOYED WITH OTHER MINERALS SUCH AS CARBON. IT CAN EASILY BE MADE OR CUT INTO A WIRE AS IT IS MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE. STAINLESS STEEL HAS THE ABILITY TO RESIST RUST.

4. STEEL: Steel  is an  alloy  of  iron  and  carbon , and sometimes other elements. Because of its high  tensile strength  and low cost, it is a major component used in  buildings ,  infrastructure ,  tools ,  ships ,  trains ,  automobiles ,  machines ,  appliances , and  weapons . Iron is the  base metal  of steel. Iron is able to take on two crystalline forms ,  body centered cubic and face centered cubic , depending on its temperature.

5. LOCATION : USUALLY LOCATED NEAR COAL FIELS, IRON ORE MINES , ABUNDANT SUPPLY OF WATER AND POWER. NEW INDUSTRIES ARE GETTING OPENED NEAR SE PORTS AS THE IRON NEEDS TO BE IMPORTEDFROM ABROAD THEY HAVE LARGE EXPENSES OF FLAT LAND. IN INDIA IRON AND STEEL MILLS HAVE DEVELOPED WHEREVER THERE IS AN ADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS.

6. MAIN STEEL PRODUCING CENTERS IN INDIA: BHILAI - CHHATTISGARH BOKARO & JAMASHEDPUR – JHARKHAND ROURKELA – ODISHA DURGAPUR – WEST BENGAL BHADRAVATI – KARNATAKA VISHAKAPATNAM – ANDHRA PRADESH SALEM – TAMIL NADU

7. USA: THE NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION. THE GREAT LAKE REGION [ CHICAGO, BUFFALO, ERIE, DULUTH] THE MID – ATLANTIC COAST [SPARROWS POINT AND MORRISVILLE] IT IS CALLED THE DUST BOWL OF AMERICA BECAUSE THEY ARE LOSING LAND .

8. EUROPE: UK [ BIRMINGHAM ] GERMANY FRANCE RUSSIA BELGIUM LUXEMBURG NETHERLANDS

9. ASIA: INDIA TOKYO CHINA JAPAN

10. SOUTH AMERICA: BRAZIL COLOMBIA VENEZUELA CHILE

11. AFRICA: ALGERIA EGYPT ZIMBABWE SOUTH AFRICA

12. Iron and steel Industry

13. Ship Building Industry Europe – Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Hamberg, Geneo, Lisbon, Portsmouth, Tyneside etc North America – New York, Chicago, Montreal Japan – Kobe, Tokyo, Yokohama, Kawasaki, Nagasaki India- Vishakapatnam, Kolkota, Mumbai

14. Automobile Industry USA – Detroit, Chicago, Atlanta UK – London, Oxford, Coventry, Birmingham Paris, Moscow, Tokya, Sydney

15. Aircraft Industry USA, UK, France, Canada, Australia, Japan and China India – Bangalore, Kanpur, Nasik, Lucknow and Koraput

16. Railway Industry Europe & North America USA – Detroit, New York, Philadelphia UK – Glasgow, Derby, Manchester, Russia, Germany, Japan India – Chittaranjan, Jamshedpur, Varnasi, Perambur & Kapurthala

17. Cotton Textile Industry China – Shanghai, Nanking, Canton India- Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Chennai, Coimbatore, Kolkata Japan – Osaka, Nagoya Russia – Moscow USA – Carolina, Georgia

18. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY