Major stakeholders in Health care system

An overview of the major stakeholder in health care system in differ different organizations

1. Major Stakeholders in Health care system Government , Non-Government, Industry & other Professionals By : Abhishek Masih M.sc Nursing 1 st year

2. INTRODUCTION The health care delivery system is intended to provide services and resources for better health. This system includes hospitals, clinics, health centres, nursing homes and special health programs in school, industry and community. Stake holders encompasses a wide sector of society. They include consumer or patient, community health care professionals, hospital health care professionals, pharmacists, supplier etc.

3. Stake holders Stake holder is a person, group, organisation or system who affect and can be affected by an organizational action. A stake holder is a party that can affect or can be affected by the actions of the business. Stakeholders are those entities in the organizations environment that play a role in an organizations health and performance or that are affected by an organizational action.

4. Types of stakeholdrs … Leaflets

5. Types of stakeholders According to involvement People who will be affected by an enterprise and can influence it but who are not directly involved with doing the work. In private sector, people who are affected by any action taken by any organization or a group. Example: parents, children, customers, owners and suppliers people that are related or located.

6.   ACCORDING TO AVAILABILITY

7. Primary stakeholders : the primary stakeholders are those that are engaged in economic transaction with the business. Example: stockholders, customers and employers. Secondary stakeholders : the secondary stakeholders are those who are although do not engage in direct economic exchange business but are affected by or can affected. Example: general public, communities, activist, business support groups and media.  

8. ACCORDING TO POSITION /WORK External stakeholders Interface stakeholders Internal stakeholders

9. External stakeholders A health care organization must respond to large number of external numbers of external stakeholders. They fall into three categories in their relationships to the organization. Those that provide inputs to organization. Those that compete with it. Those that have particular special interest.

10. Those that provide inputs to organization The relationship between the organization and these external stakeholders is a symbolic (interdependent relationship) one, as organization depends on them for its survival. Stakeholders depend on the organization to take their outputs. The competitor stakeholder may be directed competitor for patient (E.G. Other hospital)

11. Those that compete with it The competitor stakeholder seeks to attract the focal organization dependents. The competitor may be direct competitor for patients. (E.g. Other hospital) or they may be competing for skilled personnel.  

12. Those that have particular special interest External stakeholders in third category are special interest group. These are the government regulatory agencies, private accrediting association, professional associations, labor union, the media and political action group. Because of special interest conflict most often occur. Compromise and, in some cases, overt collaboration generally resolves the conflicts.

13. Interface stakeholders Some stakeholders function on the interface between the organizations and its environment. The major categories of interface stakeholders include the hospital board of trustees. The organization must provide sufficient inducements to continue to make appropriate contribution. The organization may offer professional autonomy, institutional prestige or political contacts, special services and benefits etc.

14. Internal stakeholders Internal stakeholders almost entirely within the organization and typically include management, professional and non-professional staff. Management attempts to provide internal stakeholders with sufficient inducements to gain continual contribution from them. The stakeholders determine whether the inducements are sufficient for the contribution that they are required to make partly on the basis of alternative contribution offer received from competitors.

15. Stakeholder in health care delivery system chart

16. Stakeholder in health care delivery system Government Public Providers Hospital administrator and governing boards Non-governmental

17. Government Many federal government health care efforts are headed by a cabinet-level officer, the secretary for health and human services, who runs the department of health and human services. The federal government makes budget and other planning related to expenditure in health care. Therefore, hospital have a great incentive to comply with regulations promulgated by federal government, because they can be fined or decertified a provider of care to Medicare clients if they do not.

18. At central level: Stakeholders at central level are cabinet minister & secretary for health & human services who runs the department of health & human services.

19. The functions are : Ensuring high levels of executive management performance. Ensuring quality of patient care. Ensuring financial health of the organization. Assuming responsibility for itself (for its efficient and effective performance). Formulating policy to guide decision making and action.

20. At state level At state level, state health directorate is responsible for administering health care services & regulating the health care delivery system. The functions are: Integrating health care services. Availability of medical facilities. Plan health programmes & drawing policies in providing health care. Provision of medicines.

21. At District Level   The district level stakeholder in health care delivery system is deputy commissioner, MLAs of the area, civil surgeons, senior medical officers and district public health nurse.

22. THE PUBLIC The public has a stake in health care from several perspectives. As consumers of health care services or as patients, the public is concerned with quality, cost and access to care.  They expect an employer to offer a wide variety of option for health coverage that can be customized to their specific needs. They also look for the employs to fund the majority of cost of health insurance. People are interested in receiving quality care at a reasonable cost.

23. The Providers Community health care professional Hospital health care professional

24. HOSPITAL HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL Physicians Physicians provide direct medical services to clients in variety of settings, including offices, clinics, hospitals and freestanding centres. In addition, physician control 60% to 70% of hospital costs through their decisions regarding the use of resources. Physicians decide which client to admit, where to admit, the length of stay, the ancillary services, whether to perform surgery, when to initiate and to discontinue treatment regimens, and which medications to prescribe.

25. NURSES   An individual who provides care to clients. The extent of participation varies from simple patient care tasks to the most expert professional technique necessary in acute life-threatening situations. The ability of nurse to function independently and making self-directed judgment will depends on his or her professional development. Nurses provide a unique perspective on the health care system.

26. HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS AND GOVERNING BOARDS The chief executive, chief financial officer, chief nursing officer, and governing boards of hospitals strongly influence health care delivery in their institutions.

27. NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS The voluntary agencies occupy an important place in community health care system. These organizations directly or indirectly act as stakeholder. These organizations are administered by autonomous boards which hold meetings, collect funds from private sources and spend money for providing health services and health education to individual, family and community. There are many NGO’S in India which serves to society.

28. Indian Red Cross Society : It was established in 1920 and has over 400 branches all over India. It has been executing programme for the prevention of diseases and promotion of health. Its activities are: • Relief work • Milk and medical supplies • Armed forces • Maternal and child welfare services • Family planning • Blood bank and first aid

29. Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh : It was founded in 1950 with its headquarters in New Delhi. Its precursor was the Indian council of British empire leprosy relief association (B.E.L.R.A) which was dissolved in 1950. The work of the Sangh includes rendering of financial assistance to various leprosy homes and clinics, health education, training of medical worker and physiotherapists conducting research and field investigation. The Sangh has branches all over India and work in close cooperation with the government and other voluntary agencies.

30. Indian council for child welfare : It was established in 1952. It is affiliated with international union for child welfare. The services of I.C.C.W are devoted to secure for Indian children those “opportunities and facilities, by law and other means” which are necessary to enable them to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.

31. Tuberculosis Association of India : It was formed in 1939. It has branches in all states of India. The activities of this association comprise organizing T.B campaign every year to raise funds, training of doctors, health visitors and social workers in anti-tuberculosis work, promotion of health education conferences.

32. Bharat Sevak Samaj : The Bharat sevak samaj which is non-political and nonofficial organization was formed in 1952.One of the prime objectives of the Bharat sevak is to help people to achieve health by their own actions and efforts. The B.S.S. Has branches in all the states and nearly all the districts. Improvement of sanitation in villages is one of the important activities of the B.S.S.

33. The Kastubra Memorial Fund : Created in the memory of Kasturba Gandhi, after her death in 1994, the fund was raised with the main objective of improving the status of women, especially in the villages, through gram savikas. The All India Blind Relief Society : It was established in 1946 with a view to coordinate different institutions working for the blind, it organizes eye relief camps and other measures for the relief of the blind.

34. Professional Bodies : The Indian medical association, all India dental association, the trained nurses association of India of all men and women who are qualified in their respective specialties and possess registerable qualifications. These professional bodies conduct annual conferences, publish journals, arrange exhibitions, foster research, set up standards of professional education and organize relief camps during periods of natural calamities.

35. BUSINESS & INDUSTRY As health care costs increased in mid of 1990, the influence of business industry increased as well. Health insurance programmes are launched mainly through benefit programme. As the cost of health care increases, insurances costs increase as well, forcing business to assume greater financial burden to insure employee & their dependents as well. Cost for product increases accordingly.

36. SUMMARY….

37. CONCLUSION: The health care delivery system is intended to provide services and resources for better health. This system includes hospitals, clinics, health centres, nursing homes and special health programs in school, industry and community. Stake holders encompasses a wide sector of society. They include consumer or patient, community health care professionals, hospital health care professionals, pharmacists, supplier etc. A stake holder is a party that can affect or can be affected by the actions of the business.

38. abstract Stakeholders in nursing education: their role and involvement Virgolesi , Marchetti a  ,  P iredda m , Rocco     01 Nov 2014  Introduction : in literature, there is evidence that all stakeholders need to be involved in the curricula building process to make sure that health professionals are "educated" to meet the stakeholders' "demands". In Italy, the involvement of stakeholders in the definition of university curricula is ratified by various regulations.   Aims: to describe the major experiences of stakeholder involvement in nursing education, identify the main stakeholders for nursing education, and the processes in which they are involved.   Methods: the search strategy included an electronic exploration of the relevant databases. The search terms were: stakeholders, curriculum, nursing education combined with Boolean operators. The references of the retrieved articles were hand searched for additional related studies.  

39. RESULTS: most of the studies identified were from the united kingdom, Australia, and the USA. In Italy, no relevant studies were found. The most frequently identified stakeholders were: students, clinicians, educators, nurse managers. They were mainly involved during profound changes in the curricula and the implementation of new educational approaches.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: stakeholders are mostly involved in countries with a private funding system for universities. Such funding systems have probably developed in the academia a greater propensity to involve stakeholders, to provide recognition of success when starting new programs, and are perceived more as marketing research .

40. BIBLIOGRAPHY Randhawa K. Major stakeholders in health care delivery system. Available from URL: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/randhawakiran23-1773521-major-stakeholders-health-care-delivery-system/. Eappen J. Major stakeholders in the Indian Health Care System. Available from URL: http://www.slideshare.net/jincy_eappen/major-stakeholders-inthe-healthcare-system. Prabhakar M. Healthcare System Stakeholders. Available from URL: http://www. isites.harvard.edu/. Rajeswari M. Health care delivery system. Available from URL: http://www.slideshare.net/muppidirajeswari/health-caredelivery-system-2.

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