Malaria

malaria is caused by the mosquito bite, if we used the preventive measures it can be controlled. now a days various mosquito repellent are available. stay in a clean and less crowded area. avoid travelling in high risk areas.

1. MR. ABHIJIT BHOYAR

2. Approximately 300 million people worldwide are affected by malaria and between 1 and 1.5 million people die from it every year. Previously extremely widespread, the malaria is now mainly confined to Africa, Asia and Latin America INTRODUCTION

3. Mal a r i a is an infectious disease caused by a parasite, (called Plasmodium) , which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes , that infect red blood cells in the human body.

4. Cau s e s Malaria is caused by a type of microscopic parasite that's transmitted most commonly by mosquito bites (female Anopheles mosquito).

5. Plasmodium ovale (P.o). Plasmodium malariae (P.m). Plasmodium vivax (P.v.). Pla s modi u m f al c iparum ( P . f ). Types of parasite which causes malaria

6. incubation period: This is the rarest of all the malaria types and is mostly found in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and the tropical West African region Symptoms: fatigue, diarrhoea, bouts of fever and chills

7. incubation period: This type of malaria is not as wide spread as the other types and is known to have less than 1 percent infections in the Indian subcontinent. Symptoms: high fever and chills.

8. It has the widest distribution around the globe. Approximately 60% of infections in India are caused by P.v. Although it seldom causes death or other serious problems, it can still cause major illness Symptoms: fatigue, diarrhoea, bouts of fever and chills. Flu- like symptoms. incubation period:

9. in c ubation period: Symptoms: ( P . f ). The plasmodium parasite is recognised as the most lethal parasite that causes most infections and deaths related to malaria Fatigue, Dizziness, Abdominal pain, Aching muscles, enlarged spleen, Sore back, Joint pain, Vomiting, Nausea, Fever, Headache.

10. Early mosquito stage Late mosquito stage Human Liver Stage Sexual Stage: Male /Female Gametocytes forms Human Blood cell cycle The mosquito injects The parasite when it bites the human The mosquito ingest the parasite during blood feeding

11. Pathogenesis

12. Chills F e ver Nausea F atigue vomiting E H a e a r d a l c y h e s t a S g w e e at s s

13. Other common symptoms: Dry cough Muscle and/or back pain.

14. Jaundi c e Hepatomegaly Fever Hemolytic Anaemia

15. Diagnosis

16. Dr. ask the patient number of questions concerning: Current symptoms. Medical conditions. F amily medi c al hi st o r y . Current medications. Recent travel history.

17. La b o r a t o r y diagnosis identification of malaria parasite or its antigens /products in the blood of the patient.

18. Microsc o py Malaria parasites are recognizable by their physical features and by the appearance of the red blood cells . Most

19. Other tests: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serology Immunologic tests

20. treatment : IF E arly cu r e serious effects of malaria can be prevented Del a y se v e r e fatal dise a se

21. The specific malaria treatment recommended will depend on: The type (species) of the infecting parasite. The severity of malaria symptoms . The patient's age . Any other illnesses or conditions. Pregnancy. Drug allergies. Other medications taken by the patient.

22. Medi c a tions Chloroquine Mefloquine . Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine . Quinine sulfate. Doxycycline. Hydroxychloroquine.

23. Complications Splenomegaly (Enlarged spleen). Cerebralmalaria

24. P r o t ecting yourself against mosqui t o bites Prevention

25. Taking antimalarial medicines

26. young children and pregnant women avoid traveling to areas where malaria is common

27. Used mosquito net while sleeping time