Malaria parasite

this presentation is all about malaria parasite , its different forms , its life cycle and its laboratory diagnosis.

1. Malaria parasite Detail About Malaria parasite By Harsh mohan

2. Introduction Malaria is the mosquito born infectious disease of human. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected  Anopheles  mosquitoes.  After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form, the merozoites. which introduces the protists via its saliva into the  circulatory system , and ultimately to the liver where they mature and reproduce. The disease causes symptoms that typically include  fever  and  headache , which in severe cases can progress to  coma  or  death . 

3. Symptoms of malaria Fever Sweating Chills

4. Malaria parasite The Parasite which cause malaria in man and other animals belong to - Class:- Sporozoa Suborder:- Hemosporidia Genus:- Plasmodium Most common species found in man are :- Plasmodium Vivax Plasmodium Falciparum Plasmodium Malariae Plasmodium ovale

5. Morphology of Malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

6. Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen. The most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring (Benign tertian)malaria, P. vivax is one of the six species of malarial parasite that commonly infect humans. It is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, which is the deadliest of the six, and is seldom fatal. P. vivax is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito, since it is only the female of the species that bites

7. Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria caused by this species is the most dangerous form of malaria, with the highest rates of complications and mortality

8. Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoa that causes malaria in humans. It is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax which are responsible for most malarial infection. While found worldwide, it is a so-called "benign malaria" and is not nearly as dangerous as that produced by P. falciparum or P. vivax. P. malariae causes fevers that recur at approximately three-day intervals (a quartan fever), longer than the two-day (tertian) intervals of the other malarial parasites, hence its alternate names quartan fever and quartan malaria.

9. Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium ovale is a species of parasitic protozoa that causes tertian malaria in humans. It is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are responsible for most malaria. It is rare compared to these two parasites, and substantially less dangerous than P. falciparum.

10. Schizont CCMOVBD CCMOVBD Gametocyte Trophozoites Schzonts Gametocyte The developmental stages seen in blood films

11. Life cycle of Malaria parasite

12. Characteristic of life cycle Intermediate host : human Final host : mosquito Infective stage : sporozoite Infective way : mosquito bite skin of human Parasitic position : liver and red blood cells Transmitted stage : gametocytes Schizogonic cycle in red cells : 48 hrs/P.v Sporozoite : tachysporozite and bradysporozite

13. Diagnosis of Malaria parasite Rapid investigation of Malaria parasite

14. Result of Rapid Malaria test

15. Microscopic investigation of Malaria parasite Blood Film Examination Thick and thin blood films (or “smears”) have remained the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria. The films are stained and examined by microscopy. Thick blood film - Used for detecting malaria: a larger volume of blood is examined allowing detection of even low levels of parasitaemia. Also used for determining parasite density and monitoring the response to treatment. Thin blood film – Gives more information about the parasite morphology and, therefore, is used to identify the particular infecting species of Plasmodium

16. Blood Films Thick blood Film Thin Blood Film

17. Plasmodium falciparum (trophozoite stage in thin smear) Plasmodium falciparum (trophozoite stage in thick smear) Appearance of blood film in Microscope

18. Appearance in blood film in Microscope Ring forms or trophozoites; many red cells infected – some with more than one parasite