MALERIA presentation full for nursing.pptx

MALERIA presentation full for nursing

1. MALERIA

2. At the end of this presentation the learners will be able to: •Define malaria. •Discuss causes and incubation period malaria. •Enlist signs and symptoms of malaria. •Explain pathophysiology of malaria. •Discuss prevention of malaria. •Describe medical and nursing management of malaria. Objectives

3. Malaria is derived from two Latin words ‘mala’ means bad and ‘aria’ means air. •Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. Malaria

4. Facts about malaria •Every year, malaria kills around 660,000 people and infects more than 200 million. Ninety percent of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. •According to the World Health Organization, 219 million cases of malaria were reported in 2012, with 660,000 people dying from the mosquito-transmitted parasite. Despite malaria mortality rates falling by 25 percent since 2000, a child in Africa still dies every minute from malaria. •In 2012, malaria killed an estimated 482 000 children under five years of age. That is 1300 children every day or one child almost every minute

5. Causes In humans, malaria is caused by •P. falciparum •P. malariae •P. ovale •P. vivax

6. •The incubation period in most cases varies from 7 to 30 days. • The shorter periods are observed most frequently with P. falciparum and the longer ones with P. malaria Incubation period

7. LIFE CYCLE Life cycle of plasmodium There are two phases in the life cycle of plasmodium: •Asexual cycle-which occur in human. •Sexual phase-which occur primarily in mosquitoes Life cycle of the mosquito Gametocyte zygote ookinette oocyts sporozoite sporozoites in saliva injection in man and then cycle is repeated.

8. • Transmission of sporozoites into blood from the saliva of the biting mosquito sporozoites merozoites (in liver) trophopzoites and then schizont filled with merozoites (in RBCs) release of merozoites due to the RBC rupture.merozoites infect other RBCs . some merozoites differentiate into gametocytes gamatocytes containing red blood cells are sucked by anopheles mosquito Life cycle in human

9. Pathophysiology

10. •Malaria prevention through mosquito control • Anti-malarial Drug • Chloroquine •Quinine • Amodiaquine • Pyrimethamine •Sulfonamides • Primaquine •Doxycycline and Artemisinin . Treatment and Prevention

11. •Monitor the temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. •Check the speed of infusion of fluids frequently. Too fast or too slow an infusion can be dangerous. • If temperature rises, remove the patient’s clothes and start tepid sponging and fanning •Administer paracetamol as ordered . Nursing care