Man made fibers

textile presentations

1. Introduction to textile manufacturing (Txt-175) By: Nirmal Malik

2. MAN MADE FIBERS

3. RAYON Rayon  is a man-made redeveloped cellulose fiber. Rayon  fiber is a synthetic textile material which is fully the collection of cellulose acquired from cotton linters or from the soft tissue of trees such as spruce . Rayon fiber has the same comfort property as natural fibers. Rayon fibers are wet spun Rayon is recognized by the name viscose rayon in the textile industry . Very first rayon was called  artificial  silk .   END USE Apparel :  Accessories, blouses, dresses, jackets, lingerie, linings, millinery, slacks, sport shirts , sportswear, suits, ties, work clothes Home Furnishings:  Bedspreads, blankets, curtains, draperies, sheets, slipcovers, tablecloths, upholstery Industrial Uses:  Industrial products, medical surgical products, nonwoven products, tire cord Other Uses:  Feminine hygiene products

4. RAYON SOURCE Cotton linters and soft tissues of wood. APPEARENCE Silk like appearance. STRENGTH Stronger than wool but weaker than cotton, linen and silk. ELASTICITY fairly elastic but less than wool and silk. RESILIENCE Low Resilience. DRAPABILITY Excellent Drapability due to heavy weight. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Good conductors of heat ABSORBENCY Excellent absorbency but loses strength when wet. WASHABILITY Easily washed. SHRINKAGE High shrinkage

5. RAYON EFFECT OF HEAT Burns, same behavior as cotton. EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance when exposed to light. REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required. REACTION OF ALKALIS Shows sensitivity, mild soap can be used. REACTION OF ACIDS Disintegrates fiber. RESISTANCE TO Bad. INSECTS RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade. PERSPIRATION AFFINITY FOR DYES Very good affinity for dyes.

6. ACETATE Acetate is derived from cellulose by reacting purified cellulose from wood pulp with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. Dry spun Luxurious feel and appearance Wide range of colors and lusters Excellent Drapability and softness Relatively fast drying END USE Apparel :  Blouses, dresses, linings, wedding and party attire, home furnishings, draperies, upholstery Industrial Uses:  Cigarette filters

7. ACETATE SOURCE Wood pulp. APPEARENCE Luxurious appearance. STRENGTH One of the weakest textile fiber. ELASTICITY fairly elastic but less than wool and silk. RESILIENCE Good Resilience. DRAPABILITY Good Drapability. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Bad conductors of heat ABSORBENCY Low absorbency. WASHABILITY Easily washed. SHRINKAGE Low shrinkage

8. ACETATE EFFECT OF HEAT Melts at high temperature. EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance, weakens with time. REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required. REACTION OF ALKALIS Shows sensitivity . . REACTION OF ACIDS Strong acids damages fiber. RESISTANCE TO Good. INSECTS RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade. PERSPIRATION AFFINITY FOR DYES Poor affinity for dye.

9. TRIACETATE Triacetate is derived from cellulose by combining cellulose with acetate from acetic acid and acetate anhydride . Dry Spun Shrink resistant Wrinkle resistant Easily washed Fabrics made from triacetate fibers maintain pleat retention and a crisp finish Develop their most valuable characteristics by heat treatments that are included as a part of their normal finishing END USE Apparel :  Dresses, skirts, sportswear, particularly where pleat-retention is important.

10. NYLON The term nylon refers to a family of polymers called linear polyamides.  Melt Spun Exceptionally strong Elastic Abrasion resistant Lustrous Easy to wash END USE Apparel:  Blouses, dresses, foundation garments, hosiery, lingerie, underwear, raincoats, ski apparel, windbreakers, swimwear, and cycle wear Home Furnishings:  Bedspreads, carpets, curtains, upholstery Industrial and Other Uses : Tire cord, hoses, conveyer and seat belts, parachutes, racket strings, ropes and nets, sleeping bags, tarpaulins, tents, thread, monofilament fishing line, dental floss

11. NYLON SOURCE APPEARENCE Smooth appearance STRENGTH P roduced in both regular and high tenacity strengths. ELASTICITY Highly elastic. RESILIENCE Excellent Resilience. DRAPABILITY Excellent Drapability. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY D epends on weave of the fabric ABSORBENCY Low absorbency. WASHABILITY Easily washed. SHRINKAGE Retains its shape.

12. NYLON EFFECT OF HEAT Melts on high temperature. EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance. REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required. ACTION OF ALKALIS Substantially inert to alkalis. REACTION OF ACIDS Decomposes. RESISTANCE TO Excellent. INSECTS RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade. PERSPIRATION AFFINITY FOR DYES Very good affinity for dyes.

13. POLYESTER A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer ester. The most common polyester for fiber purposes is poly (ethylene terephthalate), or simply PET . END USE Apparel :  Every form of clothing Home Furnishings:  Carpets, curtains, draperies, sheets and pillow cases, wall coverings, and upholstery Other Uses:  hoses, power belting, ropes and nets, thread, tire cord, auto upholstery, sails, floppy disk liners, and fiberfill for various products including pillows and furniture

14. POLYESTER SOURCE P olymers produced from coal , air water and petroleum. STRENGTH Very strong. ELASTICITY Low elasticity. RESILIENCE High degree of resilience. DRAPABILITY Satisfactory draping quality. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Better than acrylic. ABSORBENCY Very low absorbency. WASHABILITY Can easily be washed. SHRINKAGE Does not shrink.

15. POLYESTER EFFECT OF HEAT Melts and flame. EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance when exposed to light. REACTION OF BLEACH Good resistance. REACTION OF ALKALIS F air resistance at room temperature. REACTION OF ACIDS Excellent to good resistance. RESISTANCE TO Unaffected. INSECTS RESISTANCE TO Unaffected. PERSPIRATION AFFINITY FOR DYES Depending upon dyes.

16. ACRYLIC Acrylic fibers are produced from acrylonitrile, a petrochemical.  Some acrylic fibers are dry spun and others are wet spun . Outstanding wick ability & quick drying to move moisture from body surface Flexible aesthetics for wool-like, cotton-like, or blended appearance Easily washed, retains shape Resistant to moths, oil, and chemicals Dye able to bright shades with excellent fastness Superior resistance to sunlight degradation END USE Apparel:  Sweaters, socks, fleece wear, circular knit apparel, sportswear and children’s wear Home Furnishings:  Blankets, area rugs, upholstery, pile; luggage, awnings, outdoor furniture Other Uses:  Craft yarns, sail cover cloth, wipe cloths Industrial Uses:  Asbestos replacement; concrete reinforcement

17. ACRYLIC SOURCE Acrylonitrile STRENGTH Good strength ELASTICITY Low elasticity. RESILIENCE Very good DRAPABILITY Satisfactory. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Bad conductor of heat ABSORBENCY Little absorbency WASHABILITY Easy to wash. SHRINKAGE Excellent dimensional stability.

18. ACRYLIC EFFECT OF HEAT Shrinks at 235C at higher temperature it decomposes. EFFECT OF LIGHT one of the most light resistant fibers in textiles. REACTION OF BLEACH Good resistance REACTION OF ALKALIS Fair to good resistance to weak alkalis. REACTION OF ACIDS Resistant to Acids RESISTANCE TO Unaffected by insects. INSECTS RESISTANCE TO Resistant to Perspiration PERSPIRATION AFFINITY FOR DYES Excellent color fastness

19. MODACRYLIC Mod acrylic fibers are either dry spun or wet spun Soft Resilient Easy to dye to bright shades Abrasion resistant Flame resistant Quick drying Resistant to acids and alkalis Shape retentive END USE Apparel:  Deep-pile coats, trims and linings, simulated fur, wigs and hair pieces, children's sleepwear, career apparel Fabric:  Fleece, knit-pile fabric backings, nonwovens Home Furnishings:  Awnings, blankets, carpets, flame-resistant draperies and curtains, scatter rugs Other Uses:  Filters, industrial fabrics, paint rollers, stuffed toys

20. SPANDEX Can be stretched repeatedly and still recover to very near its original length and shape Generally, can be stretched more than 500% without breaking Stronger, more durable. Lightweight, soft, smooth, supple In garments, provides a combination of comfort and fit, prevents bagging and sagging Heat-settable — facilitates transforming puckered fabrics into flat fabrics, or flat fabrics into permanent rounded shapes Dye able Resistant to deterioration by body oils, perspiration, lotions or detergents Abrasion resistant When fabrics containing spandex are sewn, the needle causes little or no damage from “needle cutting” compared to the older types of elastic materials

21. SPANDEX END USE Garments where comfort and fit are desired: hosiery, swimsuits, aerobic/exercise wear, ski pants, golf jackets, disposable diaper, waist bands, bra straps and bra side panels Compression garments: surgical hose, support hose, bicycle pants, foundation garments Shaped garments

22. POLYPROPYLENE Olefin fibers (polypropylene and polyethylene) are products of the polymerization of propylene and ethylene gases.  Able to give good bulk and cover Abrasion resistant Colorfast Low static Resistant to deterioration from chemicals, mildew, perspiration, rot and weather Stain and soil resistant Strong Sunlight resistant Dry hand; wicks body moisture from the skin Very comfortable Very lightweight

23. POLYPROPYLENE END USE Apparel:   Activewear and sportswear; socks; thermal underwear; lining fabrics Automotive:  Interior fabrics used in or on kick panel, package shelf, seat construction, truck liners, load decks, etc. Home Furnishings:  Indoor and outdoor carpets; carpet backing; upholstery and wall coverings; furniture and bedding construction fabrics Industrial:  Carpets; disposable, durable nonwoven fabrics; ropes; filter fabrics; bagging; geotextiles

24. SPECIALITY FIBERS S pecialty fibers are engineered for specific uses that require exceptional strength, heat resistance and/or chemical resistance. They are generally niche products, but some are produced in large quantities . Examples: Glass fiber – Used for strength. Carbon fiber   - Used for strength.  Aramid – Used for higher tensile strength and heat resistance. Sulfar – Used for chemical and thermal resistance. Melamine – Used for its inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame applications. 

25. GLASS Glass  is the oldest, and most familiar, performance fiber.  Glass fibers are useful because of their high ratio of surface area to weight. However, the increased surface area makes them much more susceptible to chemical attack . By trapping air within them, blocks of glass fiber make good thermal insulation END USE insulation batting fire resistant fabrics reinforcing materials for plastic composites . For making home furnishings fabrics For making apparels and garments

26. ARAMID   Stiff No melting point Low flammability Good fabric integrity at elevated temperatures END USE Flame-resistant clothing, protective vests and helmets, composites, asbestos replacement, hot air filtration fabrics, tire and mechanical rubber goods reinforcement, ropes and cables, sail cloth, sporting goods.

27. Assignment # 2 FIBER PORTFOLIO Collect different types of natural and man made fibers and paste it on A4 sheet also mention the properties of fibers. Submission Date: 29 th Sept 2014(Monday) Total Points: 02