MANAGEMENT THEORIES

NURSING ADMINSTRATION

1. MANAGEMENT THEORIES BY MR. JONES H.M-MBA/DMS 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 1

2. OUTLINE Introduction Definitions Management theories 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 2

3. Introduction A Management Theory is a collection of ideas which set forth general rules on how to manage a business or organization 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 3

4. Introduction contd Management theory addresses how managers and supervisors relate to their organizations in the knowledge of its goals, the implementation of effective means to get the goals accomplished and how to motivate employees to perform to the highest standard 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 4

5. There are many theories of Management but for this Unit we are going to look at five management theories that can be applied in order to achieve the goal of a certain business or organization . 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 5

6. These theories are as follows; 1. The Scientific Management theory 2. The Behavioral Theory 3. The Contingency Management Theory 4. The Quantitative Management Theory 5. The System Management Theory. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 6

7. The Scientific Management theory (Classical Management Theory) (a) . Fredrick Taylor (1856-1915) He was an engineer who worked in various factories and sought to improve industrial efficiency. This theory focuses on finding the best way to perform and manage tasks. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 7

8. The Scientific Management theory contd He described how the application management methods could improve the way tasks were performed and simplifying the jobs enough so that the workers could be trained to perform their specialized sequence of actions in the best way. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 8

9. The Scientific Management theory contd Taylor used time studies to try to determine how much a worker would be able to do with the available materials and resources In 1898 Taylor calculated how much iron from R ail Cars Bethlehem Steel Plant workers could be offloading if they were using the correct movements , tools and steps . 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 9

10. The Scientific Management theory contd The results were amazing because it showed they could do 47 tons instead of 12.5 tons per worker. He increased the working hours, decreased the number of workers, from 500 to 140. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 10

11. The Scientific Management theory contd Taylors scientific management was based on the following three principles : Scientifically selecting , training , and developing each worker rather than passively leaving them to their selves. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and workers. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 11

12. The Scientific Management theory contd He believed that the best way to accomplish a task in management, a manager should ensure that workers achieved the agreed upon standards. This would lead to increased productivity. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 12

13. The Scientific Management theory contd Workers were to be rewarded and punished according to the job performance to increase production or performance of an Organization. This theory focuses on finding the one best way to perform and manage tasks. However the manager applying this theory should do the following; 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 13

14. The Scientific Management theory contd Observing the workers’ performance throughout to determine the best way to carry out each task Manager should scientifically select the best worker to perform a task Manager should ensure the selected workers are trained so that they can perform the task in the most efficient manner 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 14

15. The Scientific Management theory contd Manager should pay the worker a different piece rate for motivation. Should appoint a few highly skilled workers to management positions and appointing a supervisor for each task. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 15

16. Cont …. In nursing, nurses perform better in their fields of specialization . This theory also supports capacity building for human resource that are not doing well in their practice . A manager who practices this theory assesses performance of each worker and strives to improve output by identifying easy ways of meeting tasks. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 16

17. The Behavioral Management Theory Behavioural management is often referred to as the “ Human Relations Movement ” because it addresses the human dimensions of work. It advocates the proposition that better understanding of human behaviour at work such as motivation , conflict , expectations and group dynamics can improve productivity. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 17

18. The Behavioral Management Theory cont.. The Manager who adopts the Behavioral Management theory believes that the workers conditions affect the quantity and quality of their works. Therefore, management must be concerned with the workers conditions in order to improve the quantity and quality of work output. A nurse manager who applies Behavioral Management Theory takes into consideration workers’ poor performance and tries to find out the possible causes so that work output is improved. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 18

19. The Contingency Management Theory Contingency theory asserts that before Managers make a decision , they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand. For example, the continuing effort to identify the best leadership or management style might now conclude that the best style depends on the situation. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 19

20. The Contingency Management Theory cont.. In this case, A Nurse Manger who is a leader may need to employ different Managerial Theories taking into consideration a prevailing situation , because there are no two situations which may be exactly the same. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 20

21. The System Management Theory The System Management Theory conceptualized a system that it has interrelated parts. These parts work or operate as one or a whole in order to achieve a specific goal. This theory signifies that the manager of an organization should be able to understand the various parts or system that makes up the entire operation. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 21

22. The System Management Theory cont.. In this case a Nurse Manger who applies the System Management Theory should understand that different workers in different departments at the Hospital lead to quality Health service delivery because all departments contribute to the recovery of a patients. Team work is encouraged in all Health care Organizations For example; Laboratory, Pharmacy, Radiology Admission ward work towards achieving Patient quick recovery. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 22

23. The Quantitative Management Theory The quantitative management theory uses quantitative tools ( use of numbers ) to help plan and control nearly everything in an organization. A Nurse Manager who adopts this Theory will try to Quantify the Nursing Tasks in her Planning of Task allocation and try to control everything for the wellbeing of the an patient wellbeing. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 23

24. BUREAUCRATIC THEORY (Marx Weber 1922) Bureaucracy which emphasizes the need for more rules , regulations and structure within the organization to further improve efficiency and productivity. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 24

25. CONTD This approach encourages the establishment of internal hierarchy with clear lines of responsibility and authority . This has really dominated the health care organizations today and is largely used. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 25

26. The summary of the theories discussed is as follows The classical/Scientific Management theory focuses on finding the one best way to perform and manage tasks for subordinates. The behavioral management theory recognizes employees as individuals with concrete human needs, as parts of the work groups, and members of a larger society. The contingency management theory is based on the premise that manager’s preferred actions( Leadership style) or approaches depend on the variables of the situations they face. 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 26

27. Other theories to read on.. Human relations theory Institutional theory Population ecology theory Strategic management theory Goal path theory 1/19/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 27

28. THANK YOU! 1/19/2021 28 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS