Management theories are frameworks that provide guidelines for managing organizations, making decisions, and improving productivity and efficiency. Here are some of the most influential management theories:pptx

Management theories are frameworks that provide guidelines for managing organizations, making decisions, and improving productivity and efficiency. Here are some of the most influential management theories:

1. MANAGEMENT THEORIES 1.CLASSICAL APPROCH 2.NEO CLASSICAL APPROCH 3.MODERN APPPROCH

2. I.CLASSICAL APPROACH 1.SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORIES A.FREDERICK TAYLOR’S PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT B.TIME &MOTION STUDIES C.THE GANTT CHART BY HENRY GANTT

3. 2. BUREAUCRACY /ORGANISATIONAL THEORY 1.MAX WEBER THEORY OF BUREAUCRACY 3.GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORIES 1.HENRI FAYOL’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 2.MARY PARKER FOLLETT & MANAGEMENT THEORY

4. II.NEOCLASSICAL APPROACH 1.HUMEN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORIES A.CHESTER BARNARD THEORIES 2.MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES A.MASLOW’S THEORIY OF MOTIVATIONAL- HIERARCHY OF NEEDS B.HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY AND JOB ENRICHMENT C.MCGREGOR THEORY X & Y D.WILLAM OUSHI’S THEORY OF Z

5. III.MODERN APPROCH 1.SYSTEM THEORY 2.CONTINGENCY THEORY

6. I.CLASSICAL APPROCH 1.SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORIES -FREDERICK TAYLOR’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT > According to him jobs are designed so that each workers has a specified, well-controlled task that can be performed as instructed >His approach was from bottom to top level and focused on work simplification >He aims at high productivity by use of standardized tools, equipments, training of employees, cost reduction and giving wages at higher rate to the efficient employees

7. CONTINUE…… -TIME AND MOTION STUDIES BY FRANK & LILLIAN GILBERTH >They focused on identifying the elemental motions in work,the way these motions were combined to form methods of operation and basic time each motion took. >They believed that it was possible to design work methods whose time could be estimated in advance >This enabled the managers to break down a job into its component parts

8. CONTINUE…… -THE GANTT CHART BY HENRY GANTT > He emphasised on scientific selection of workers and maintaining harmonious cooperation between labour and management > He developed planning and control techniques using a simple graphic chart-it display relationships between planned and completed work on one axis and elapsed time on the other axis. >He focused on motivational schemes,emphasizing the greater effectiveness of rewards for good work rather than penalties for poor work

9. 2.BUREAUCRACY OR ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY -MAX WEBER THERORY OF BUREAUCRACY According to him 4 Characteristics Of Bureaucracy Are 1.Distribution of officially designed tasks among the staff with a division of labor & specialization of function 2.Organisation of roles into hierarchal structures 3.Formalization of policies and procedures 4.Encouragement of impersonal attitudes between the members This model are followed in nursing organization such as organization charts

10. 3.GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORIES -HENRY FOYOL’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT H e gave 5 elements of management Planning , Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating,& Controlling He recommended regular meeting of department heads and liaison officer to improve coordination of organizational operations

11. CONTINUE…… -MARY PARKER FOLLETT AND MANAGEMENT THEORY Her concepts included in THE UNIVERSAL GOAL ;It is an integration of individual efforts in to a synergistic whole.According to her integration is a method of settling conflicts instead of compromise or domination THE UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLE;It is a circular or reciprocal response emphasizing feed back to the sender,the concept of two way communication. LAW OF THE SITUATION;It emphasizes that there is no one best way to do anything,but that it depends on management and workers

12. II.NEOCLASSICAL APPROCH 1.HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORIES -CHESTER BARNARD THEORIES He States That A Communication System That Are Based In Seven Essential Roles……. 1 - The channel of communication should be definite 2 -Everyone should know the channel of communication.

13. CONTINUE…… 3-Everyone should have access to the formal channel of communication. 4 -Lines of communication should be short & as direct as possible 5 -Competence of persons serving as communication centers should be adequate. 6 -The line of communication should not be interrupted when organization is functioning 7 -Every communication should be authenticated

14. 2.MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES -MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION-HIERARCHY OF NEEDS He created original five level hierarchy of needs and the remaining 6,7,8 level hierarchy of needs are later adaptations by others. - Biological & physiological needs ; air,food,shelter -Safety needs ;security, laws,limits -Belongingness & love needs ; work group, family affection, relationships

15. Continue…. -Esteem neeeds ; achievements,independence,prestige -Cognitive needs ; knowledge -Aesthetic needs ; appreciation,balance -self-actualization; realising personal potential, self fulfillment -Transcendence needs ; helping others to achieve self- actualization

16. -HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY &JOB ENRICHMENT He states that satisfaction &dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors The identified satisfiers or factors involved in doing the job are -achievement - recognition - work itself - responsibility - advancement and growth

17. Continue….. Hygienic factors or dissatisfiers are… -working condition -organization policy and administration -salary -supervision -lack of interpersonal relationship

18. -McGREGOR’S THEORY X & Y X theory( authoritative managemant style) - The average person is lazy - They need threat of job loss - They need directions & control Y theory(participative management style) - Effort in work is as natural as work - People will apply self control and self directions without external control - People usually accept &often seek responsibility

19. -WILLIAM OUCHI’S THEORY OF Z This theory focused on increasing employee loyalty to the organization by providing a job for life with a strong focus on well being of the employee. The main characteristics of this theory are -job security -collective responsibility -collective decision making -slow evaluation & promotion -concern for employee including family

20. III.MODERN APPROACH -SYSTEM THEORY Components of this theory includes .Boundaries .Goal .Set factors . Inputs .Outputs .Feed Backs -CONTINGENCY THEORY Management system can be conceptualized on two levels 1. Internal Environment 2. External Environment

21. Levels of organization

22. LEVELS OF NURSING MANAGEMENT 1.TOP LEVEL: ENGAGED IN PLANNING & COORDINATING FUNCTIONS 2.MIDDLE LEVEL: USUALLY THE HEADS OF NURSING UNITS AND THEY ARE AT SUPERVISORY LEVEL 3.OPERATIVE LEVEL: NURSES AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL

23. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT According to “LUTHER GULLICK & LYNDALL URWICK” Coined an acronym ‘ POSDCORB ’ P-PLANNING O-ORGANISING S-STAFFING D-DIRECTING CO-COORDINATING R-REPORTING B-BUDGETING

24. Principles of management Fayol’s 14 principle of management 1.Unity of command 2.Discipline 3.Authority 4.Division of labor 5.Centralization 6.Remuneration 7.Unity of direction

25. Continue…. 8.Subordination of individual interest to the general interest 9.Stability of staff 10.Hierarchy 11.Order 12.Equity 13.Esprit de corps 14.Initiative

26. ADMINISTRATION DEFINITION: ‘ In broader form,administration can be explained for those group activities which are presented in cooperative form to achieve an aim’-SIMON

27. COMPARISON BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION &MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION 1.Concerned with determination of major policies 2.Thinking function 3.Term used in government/ public sector 4.Influnced by public or government policies 5.Top level activity MANAGEMENT 1.Concerned with execution of policies 2.Doing function 3.Used in the business and industrial world 4.Influnced by values, opinions and beliefs of manager 5.Middle level activity

28. Continue…………… ADMINISTRATION 6.Planning and organizing functions are performed 7.Functions of administration expand at the upper level and shrink in importance at lower level. 8.More administrative rather than technical ability is required MANAGEMENT 6.motivating,coordinating,and controlling are the functions performed 7.Functions shrink at upper level and expand at lower level 8.More technical rather than administrative skills are required

29. ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER

30. CONTINUE…………