Mangrove biodiversity of india

The mangrove biodiversity has been a very interesting topic in the environment science. Here is a brief description of the same.

1. Mangrove Biodiversity of India SUBMITTED BY - ABHINANDAN KUMAR B. Sc( Hons )-Agriculture A 1 - T 1 18042600148 SUBMITTED TO - MR. AKSHAY KUMAR Assistant Professor Dept. of Agriculture Quantum University, Roorkee

2. MANGROVE A shrub or small tree. Found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas. Grows in coastal saline or brackish water. Salt-tolerant tree. Also called Halophytes. Adapted to the low-oxygen conditions. Contains salt-filtration system. Contains complex root system.

3. Indian Scenario of Mangroves Acc. to Forest Survey of India (FSI)- In 1987, total mangrove cover was about 4,046 sq km. In 1993, total mangrove cover was about 4,256 sq km. In 1999, total mangrove cover was about 4,871 sq km. In 2005, total mangrove cover was about 4,581 sq km. In 2011, total mangrove cover was about 4,663 sq km. Since 2017, total mangrove cover is about 4,921 sq km. Longitude : 69° E - 89.5° E . Latitude : 7° N - 23° N . Mangrove habitats comprise three distinct zones - East Coast / Deltaic (53%) West Coast / Estuarine & Backwater (12%) Island Territories / Insular (16%). Contd.

4. S. No. States / UTs Total mangrove cover (km 2  ) 1. West Bengal 2,114 2. Gujarat 1,140 3. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 617 4. Andhra Pradesh 404 5. Maharashtra 304 6. Orissa 243 7. Tamil Nadu 49 8. Goa 26 9. Kerala 9 10. Karnataka 10 11. Daman and Diu 3 12. Pondicherry 2 Total 4,921 Table: Mangrove Cover Assessment 2017 (ISFR) Contd .

5. The deltas of the following rivers contain Mangrove forests- Ganges Brahmaputra Mahanadi Krishna Godavari Kaveri . Consists of 46 Species (4 natural hybrids). Belongs to 22 Genera and 14 Families. Represents about 57% of world’s Mangrove Species.

6. Biodiversity of Indian Mangroves FLORAL BIODIVERSITY :- Altogether about 153 Species. Comprised of 36 True mangrove species ( Kathiresan 2003). And rest are Mangrove Associates. The Micro algae comprised about 77 Species. The Flora is represented by- True Mangroves Mangrove Associates Back Mangroves / Mangrove Bioinvasive Coastal / Beach Flora Parasites / Epiphytes / Mistletoes. Contd.

7. Biodiversity of Indian Mangroves FAUNAL BIODIVERSITY :- Dependent on the water component in one way or the other. The Fauna is represented by- Arboreal Species Avian Species Amphibians Reptiles Mammals Aquatic Species Comprised of 105 Species of Fish which are typical mangrove dwellers. The Mammals represented with 30 Species. The Avian fauna represented with 57 Species.

8. REFERENCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kaladharan_P/publication/278002811_Mangroves_of_India_Biodiversity_Conservation_and_Management/links/557f9f5208aec87640de005c/Mangroves-of-India-Biodiversity-Conservation-and-Management.pdf https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Mangroves_in_Kannur%2C_India.jpg http://fsi.nic.in/isfr2017/isfr-mangrove-cover-2017.pdf http://bsienvis.nic.in/writereaddata/Staus%20of%20mangrove_world1.jpg http://www.upsbdb.org/pdf/Souvenir2012/ch-6.pdf https://www.mse.ac.in http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1427e.pdf http://www.tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_49_2/05%20Mandal.pdf