MAPEH Grade 10 HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES AND CONCERN

Health issues and trends in global level

1. Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns (Global level)

2. Objective: 1. discusses the millennium development program 2. give predictions on the millennium development program 3. recommends ways of adopting millennium development program to local or national context

3. Global Health and the Millennium Development Goals The term “global health” rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization. terms improved public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities among people for the different injustices in the world. Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the Global Health Program at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland states that global health pertains to various health issues, concerns, and trends which go beyond national boundaries and call for global initiatives for the protection and promotion of peoples’ health across the world.

4. Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global health is an area for study, research and practice that prioritizes health improvement and achieving impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide . Beaglehole and Bonita (2010) gave a short but meaningful definition of global health: cooperative research and action of international communities to promote health for all

5. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to fight discrimination against women and children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and environmental degradation.

6. Education Promoting gender equality Producing more jobs Investing more in agriculture Strengthened nutrition programs for children and infants Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during crises

7. Marry and have their own families at a later stage in life Practice family planning and have fewer children Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations Seek employment and sustain personal and family needs Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during crises

8. Early childhood development intervention Promotion of women’s political rights and involvement Improved reproductive health programs and policies Education and integrating gender equality in school curriculum Improved women’s access to work and strengthened labor policies for women Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during crises

9. Immunization programs Assuring the survival and better health of mothers Improving reproductive health programs and policies Better nutrition program for infants, children and mothers

10. Improved and proper nutrition of mothers Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small family size Educating young boys and girls about the importance of maternal health Better and improved access to hospital care especially obstetric-gynecology, prenatal and postnatal care

11. Improved housing conditions Increased access to anti-malarial medicines Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive education for all Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS persons and TB - Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) Course therapy Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to fight mosquito-borne diseases

12. Cleaner air and environment Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable energy New and aspiring jobs and businesses in energy Increased access to sanitation

13. Expanded international trade agreements Improved access to affordable medicine Reduced poverty through government debt relief grant Developed information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure

14. Activity 1: WHAT IF…? Predict the global effects if the eight Millennium Development Goals were achieved or not achieved. Copy the table below on 1 whole pad of paper and write your predictions in the columns. Goal no. Millenium Development Goals What if this goal is achieved? What if this goal is not achieved? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

15. Performance Task: Choose one MDG of United Nation and write a poem about it. Include the aims of the initiative and its importance to global health. Submit in handwritten or print. At least 4 stanza English or tagalog

16. Directions: Write AGREE on the blank if you think the statement is correct and DISAGREE if otherwise.   ___________1. The UNMDG are targets agreed upon by the members of the United Nations. ___________2. The millennium declaration was signed in the year 2000. ___________3. One goal of MDG is to promote gender equality. ___________4. Fighting diseases like malaria and other is one of the goals of this program. ___________5. Global health rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization.

17. Objective: 1. discusses the significance of global health initiatives 2. analyzes issues in the implementation of global health initiatives 3. recommends ways of adopting global health initiatives in local or national context

18. Global Health Initiatives One of the benefits of globalization to the world is the development and improvement of various health initiatives initiated by different nations and governments to address health issues and concerns. Global health initiatives are programs set in motion by the United Nations through the World Health Organization and in partnership with the World Bank which target specific health problems including but not limited to emerging and re-emerging diseases, climate change, environmental sanitation, mental health, tobacco regulation, and alcohol use.

19. Activity 1: ISSUES, CONCERNS, AND TRENDS (ICT) Write in each box the different health issues, concerns and trends encountered around the world. These issues, concerns and trends may have not been mentioned in the readings but should also be addressed by international and national communities. Add more boxes if needed.

20. The Global Fight against Communicable Diseases a. Roll Back Malaria. is a global effort to reduce the number of deaths from malaria infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response to outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective treatment of the infection. Specific objective: 1. To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize malaria promptly and take early appropriate action; 2. To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill and capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness appropriately; 3. To create an enabling environment for implementation.

21. b. Stop TB. Stop TB is a global effort to prevent further transmission of tuberculosis or TB around the world. One of the programs for Stop TB is the implementation of the TB-DOTS short-course strategy Objectives 1. To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment 2. To reduce the suffering and socioeconomic burden associated with TB 3. To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV, and multidrug-resistant – TB (MDR-TB) 4. To support the development of new tools and enable their timely and effective use.

22. c. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization is a global strategy which aims to strengthen children’s immunization programs and introduce new generation of licensed vaccines into use in developing countries across the globe. These new vaccines which could help reduce the number of deaths in children aged 5 years old and below includes: • Hepatitis B vaccine • Childhood meningitis vaccine • Yellow fever vaccine • Influenza vaccine • Vaccine for pneumonia

23. d. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria. is a funding project rather than an initiative. Nevertheless, it helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative impacts of the three diseases on humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.

24. Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and Alcohol Use • WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the prime international treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right of every individual across the world to the highest standard of health promoting public health and providing new legal means for global health cooperation.

25. The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions: 1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, and 2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely: • Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke; • Regulation of the contents of tobacco products; • Regulation of tobacco product disclosures; • New packaging and labeling of tobacco products; • Education, communication, training and public awareness; • Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation • Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship

26. Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. recognizes the close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the socio-economic development of a nation. Likewise, this strategy builds and supports other global health initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

27. Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. is a global action plan to prevent and control the following non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes, and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol use.

28. Objectives of the Action Plan: 1. To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at global and national levels and to integrate prevention and control of such diseases into policies across all governments 2. To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 3. To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful use of alcohol 4. To promote research for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 5. To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non –communicable diseases 6. To monitor non-communicable diseases and their causal factors and evaluate progress at the local, national, and global levels

29. Global Initiative for Mental Health • Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 The “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020” is the result of extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member nations, academic, and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health action plan should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. It basically addresses the following: • To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health, • To improve and make mental health services and care accessible • To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with mental problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent around the world.

30. Activity 2: PRESENT AND FUTURE Think of the present status of these global health issues and concerns. Write these in the Present column. Predict what will happen if these global health issues and concerns are properly addressed by different nations. Write these in the Future column. Present Global Health Issues and Concerns Future Communicable Diseases Tobacco and Alcohol Use Mental Health

31. Answer the following: 1. How does the Philippine government address different local and national health issues and concerns like HIV/AIDS cases and tobacco and alcohol related diseases? 2. How can educating the youth help in developing a socially conscious and healthy individuals who are aware of the various global health threats and concerns?

32. Directions: Write TRU E on the blank if you think the statement is correct and FALS E if otherwise. ___________1. The mental health action plan must be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature. ___________2. The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. ___________3. A global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol is an action plan to prevent and control these diseases ___________4. TB-DOTS means Tuberculosis- Directly Observed Treatment Shot ___________5. One example of the g lobal f ight against communicable d iseases is Roll Back Malaria. .

33. Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns (Global level)

34. Objective: 1. discuss the United Nations Development Program Quick Wins 2. share your reflection about the United Nations Development Program Quick Wins 3. create a program project to achieve the millennium development goal

35. What are the biggest health issues and concerns that people around the world face today?

36. The United Nations Development Program’s Quick Wins The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) works with different nations and organizations to withstand crises, empower lives, and improve the quality of life for all. Quick Wins are actions that can be immediately used within the community or locale to produce effective results. Quick Wins could change people’s views, and beliefs and trigger actions which could lead to helping millions of lives and countries find their right path towards their goals. The following are some examples of UNDP’s Quick Wins:

37. No school fees and free access to educational materials and facilities in schools to ensure that all children attend classes. This eliminates poor families’ concept that education is only for those who can afford it. Finances can include donor assistance from partnerships with private groups. Children are provided with free school meals and take-home rations using locally produced food. Regular annual deworming for all school children especially in impoverished areas to improve health and education. Provision for poor farmers of affordable supplies of soil nitrogen and other soil nutrients.

38. Design community nutrition programs for pregnant, nursing mothers and children below five years of age. These includes breastfeeding, feeding programs and micronutrient supplements like vitamin A and zinc. Offer basic skills training of community members in health, farming, technical-vocational, and infrastructure. Free basic health services sponsored by private organizations. Expanded access to sexual and reproductive health information and services. These includes family planning information campaign and services. Distribution of free, effective and efficient insecticide-treated bed nets to families especially in malaria and dengue-endemic areas.

39. Active national and local campaigns to reduce violence against women and children. Reform and enforce legislation protecting and empowering women’s and children’s rights. Empowering women to play an important role in formulating and monitoring poverty reduction strategies, programs, and policies. Allowing government-owned hospitals, health centers, schools and other social service institutions free access to electricity, water, sanitation and internet using sustainable and renewable energies like solar panels, wind and geothermal generators. Plant endemic trees at the community level to provide shade, produce, watershed protection, windbreak and timber.

40. Activity 1: PAIRED-REFLECTION Choose a partner. Share with your partner your answers to the questions. Afterward, allow your partner to share his or her answers. Reflect on both of your answers. At the GO signal of your teacher, change partners and do the same procedure. Always reflect on the answers. Questions: 1. The three most important things I learned about UNDP are: a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ 2. How will these experiences help me in the future? 3. How can health initiatives improve global health?

41. Activity 1: SPEEDY SOLUTIONS Imagine yourself as a member of a local organization that wants to sponsor one of the UNDP type projects given above to help achieve the millennium development goals. Follow the procedures below: 1. Form a group of 4-5 members. 2. Pick a project above. Choose a creative title for the project. 3. Determine with the group which Millennium Development Goal(S) is the project target. 4. Come up with the group’s slogan that captures the energy and importance of the chosen project. 5. Follow the format below. Project Title Project Statement (based on the sample UNDP Quick Wins) Target MDG Slogan

42. Activity 3: 1. Based on your activity 2 present your project in the class. 2. Make your group’s presentation creative and informative.

43. Directions: Write TRUE on the blank if you think the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. ___________1. The quick wins is an intervention program to achieve the Global health initiative. ___________2. One example of UNDP’s quick wins was providing free meals in the school ___________3. This UNDP program is a big help to the country, especially in economics. ___________4. Part of this quick wins program is endemic tree planting. ___________5. Quick Wins change people’s views and beliefs and actions which could lead to helping millions.

44. Performance Task: Activity: INFOTOGRAPHY Groups into 5. Make a photo exhibit of the different health issues, concerns, and trends. Edit the infotography and add texts and relative information. Refer to http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ for some samples.