Margaret Jean watson nursing theory.pptx

Nursing theory

1. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 1 9/26/2023 Margaret Jean Watson (Theory of caring) Shahla Arshad Lecturer INS-KMU

2. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 2 9/26/2023 At the end of this presentation the learners will be able to : Discuss the background of the theorist(Jean Watson) and her theory. Explain assumptions of Watson's theory. Describe the Major concepts, sub concepts. Discuss the application of the Jean Watson's Theory to a case scenario . Objectives

3. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 3 9/26/2023 In the today’s world, improvements in health care system have intensified nurse’s work load and responsibilities, sad but true. Nurses in the present times often forget their caring attitudes when they are faced with stressful and difficult situations. T he nurses must learn how to deal with the complexities arising in every patient situation and must find ways of preserving their caring practice, because without caring health is not attained. Caring is essence of nursing and suggest responsiveness between nurse and the person. Caring Science is immeasurable that helps us to store the positive energy which flows from an integrated mind and body ,rewarding to patient , nurse as well as health team . Introduction

4. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 4 9/26/2023 JEAN WATSON

5. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 5 9/26/2023 Introduction to the Theorist Born in 1940 West Virginia . Diploma in 1961 from Lewis Gale School of Nursing. BSN in 1964 from University of Colorado . MSN in psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing in1966 from University of Colorado . PhD in Educational Psychology and Counseling in 1973 from University of Colorado. Died Oct 2018 in Virginia.

6. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 6 9/26/2023 Achievement of Jean Watson International Author and co-author of over 30 books. She is distinguished professor of nursing at the University of Colorado Health Science Center. Also Dean of the nursing at the University Health Science Center at Colorado. President of the National league for nursing. Founder and Director of the Watson Caring and Science Institute.

7. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 7 9/26/2023 Awards The Fetzer Institute Norman Cousins Award. International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia. Fulbright Research Award in Sweden: Holds 10 honorary Doctoral Degrees including those from Sweden, United Kingdom, Spain, Columbia, Canada, and Japan . 2010 Holistic Nurse of the Year.

8. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 8 9/26/2023 PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE THEORY She drew parts of her theory from nursing writers, including Nightingale and Rogers. She also used concepts from the works of psychologists Giorgi, Johnson, and Koch, as well as concepts from philosophy. Used concepts from personal and professional experiences. Her theory is based on the human interactive process that recognizes the spiritual and ethical dimensions relevant to the human care process.

9. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 9 9/26/2023 Historical Background of Theory Dr. Jean Watson is one of the foremost nursing theorists of the 20 th century as well as an educator, international speaker, researcher and author. Her theory Philosophy and Science of Caring focuses on empathy and caring as an essential part of the nursing process . One of newest nursing’s grand theories having been completely codified between 1975 and 1979 and revised in 1985.

10. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 10 9/26/2023 Conti…. It was the only and first theory of nursing that focuses spiritual dimension of nursing (hope, belief, faith ). Beliefs centered on the carative factors of nursing, which stood apart from the curative factors of medicine Original theory proposed ten carative factors of nursing.

11. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 11 9/26/2023 The seven assumptions Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally . Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs . Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth . Caring responses accept patient as he or she is now as well as what he or she may become.

12. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 12 9/26/2023 A ssumptions Cont… A caring environment offers the development of potential while allowing the patient to choose the best action for themselves at a given time. The science of caring is complementary to the science of curing. According to Watson, caring is central to nursing practice and promotes health better than a simple medical cure The practice of caring is central to nursing.

13. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 13 9/26/2023 Three of Four Major Concepts/ Metaparadigm Human:(Personhood) Humans have needs that are valued, supported, understood & cared for Health: Health is unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul; [health is associated with the degree of congruence(balance) between the self as perceived and the self as experience.] [It is defined as a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning and absence of illness.]

14. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 14 9/26/2023 Conti… Nursing : (Transpersonal Caring-Healing ) Nurse –patient relation is foundational to nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness and caring for the sick and restoring health, holistic care being central .

15. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 15 9/26/2023 Sub Concepts Actual caring occasion: Involves actions and choices by the nurse and individual for the purpose of creating good therapeutic relationship. Transpersonal : Inter-subjective relationship between nurse and patient they share phenomenal field that becomes part of life history of both

16. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 16 9/26/2023 Conti… Phenomenal field: The totality of human experience of one’s being in the world and only that person knows these experiences. Self:? Composed of characteristics and perceptions of I and Me comparative to others and various aspects of life

17. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 17 9/26/2023 Conti… Time: The present is more subjectively real and the past is more objectively real. The past is prior to or in a different mode of being than the present

18. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 18 9/26/2023 Conti…

19. Carative Factors FAITH/ HOPE Humanistic-altruistic system of value Expressing positive and negative feelings Creative problem-solving caring process Sensitivity to self and others Helping-trusting, human care relationship Transpersonal teaching-learning Supportive, protective, and/mental, physical, societal and spiritual corrective environment gratification of human needs existential-phenomenological forces INDIIDUAL 9/26/2023 19 INS-KMU

20. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 20 9/26/2023 1. Formation of a humanistic-altruistic value system.  As a nurse, treat all the patients as he or she is and respect their values, even if they are different from your own and treat each patient and their family as if they were a member of your own family. In doing so, this gives satisfaction through giving and creates the extension of the sense of self. 

21. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 21 9/26/2023 2.Faith-Hope When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use faith-hope to provide a sense of well-being through beliefs which are meaningful to the individual

22. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 22 9/26/2023 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and to others. Nurses have the ability to identify personal needs or values and differentiate them from patient to patient. Recognizing differences promotes self-actualization through acceptance of others.

23. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 23 9/26/2023 4. Development of a helping-trusting human care relationship. Strongest tool is the mode of communication, which establishes rapport and caring. Characteristics needed to in the helping-trust relationship are: Congruence Empathy Warmth Communication includes verbal, nonverbal and listening in a manner which connects empathetic understanding .

24. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 24 9/26/2023 5. Promotion and acceptance of expression of positive and negative feelings. Promotion and acceptance of expression of positive and negative feelings. This is a risk-taking experience for the patient and nurse, both must be prepared for either positive or negative feedback.

25. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 25 9/26/2023 6. Systematic use of creative, scientific problem-solving caring process. This type of decision-making uses the nursing process to bring a scientific problem-solving approach to nursing care . The scientific problem- solving method allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-correction.

26. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 26 9/26/2023 7. Promotion of interpersonal teaching learning. Nursing engage in a teaching and learning environment where continuous education of staff and patients is always happening. Nurses must also remember that we can all learn from each other, every day.

27. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 27 9/26/2023 8. Provision for supportive, protective, or corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and spiritual environment.  Nurses recognize that both internal and external environments influence an individual's health and illness. The nurse provides a safe, emotional spiritual and physical environment for healing, while incorporating all disciplines in care.  Multidisciplinary team members play a part in providing a healing environment.  

28. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 28 9/26/2023 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs  The nurse recognizes the order of needs such as food, elimination, and ventilation before they can advance to higher psychophysical and psychosocial needs, allowing for gratification of human needs both emotional and physical.

29. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 29 9/26/2023 10. Allowance for existential- phenomenologic -spiritual forces. Nurses have an acceptance of spiritual beliefs, which may be different from their own. Allowing for beliefs in things helps nurses to have a better understanding of one's spiritual self.

30. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 30 9/26/2023 The transpersonal caring relationship This portion of the theory focuses on “the one caring and the one cared for . This process requires the use of “Actions, words, behaviors, cognition, body language, feelings, intuition, thought, senses, and the energy field. The nurse has a professional to assist with improving the patient’s dignity. The nurse should use various communication techniques, both verbal and non-verbal to achieve a healing and gentle relationship .

31. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 31 9/26/2023 The caring occasion/moment This portion of the theory focuses an actual moment in time in which the nurse recognizes the connection that is developed between him/herself and the patient . The Caring Moment “Consists of feelings, bodily sensations , thoughts, spiritual beliefs, goals, expectations, environmental considerations.”

32. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 32 9/26/2023 Case study Mrs.XYZ a 59 years old factory worker arrives at the emergency room in a small but busy hospital, not far from her place of employment. She is complaining of intense pain in her left shoulder and anxiety. As a causality nurse with 20 years experience, I have seen a lot of drug seekers Come in the same complain. Utilizing Watson’s of Human caring, I know that I must not pre-judge any patient and I must develop a helping-trusting relationship with each patient. Using effective communication is important in building a relationship with a patient especially in emergency setting.

33. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 33 9/26/2023 CONTI…. Mrs.XYZ cannot raise her left arm above chest level and there is no obvious injury to the site. Her vitals are as follows: B/P 160/80, PR 115, and T98.6F. What aspect of Watson’s Theory is put into action here? Answer 1. As the nurse caring for her, Watson’s Theory direct me that patients must Satisfy lower order needs before attempting to attain higher order needs. Mrs.XYZ pain anxiety must be controlled before she can process and accept what is happening physically.

34. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 34 9/26/2023 CONTI…. Mrs.XYZ is given 50 mg of tramadol and 2 mg of Lorazepam. She then states that she has been SOB occasionally. Her spo2 is 92% on room air. At this point another one of Watson’s carative factors comes into play. Which one? Answer 2. One of Watson’s Original 10 Carative factors is the Systematic use of the scientific problem solving method for decision making. I realize that this newly conveyed information may be connected original complaints and collect this data for the doctor to review. It is important to keep things organized, knowing what and when to relay for further investigation.

35. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 35 9/26/2023 Mrs.XYZ is diagnosed with a mass on her adrenal gland and an enlarged lymph node near her heart. She is oriented, but sleepy and still complains of pain in her left shoulder. Her husband lost his job when his shop closed after working there for thirty years. She is not covered by any insurance at this time. She has two grown children and her daughter, is present with her. How can we approach this family using jean Watson’s theory? Which two of the carative factor could be used? CONTI…

36. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 36 9/26/2023 CONTI… ANS 3. Watson’s Theory, based on the original 10 caratives, includes Cultivation of sensitivity to self and to others. This explains that as nurses acknowledge their sensitivity and feeling, they become more genuine, authentic, and sensitive to other. This leads to self-actualization through self-acceptance for the nurse and the patients. Another one of caratives is promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feeling. This is a huge risk taking move on the part of nurse and patients. Be prepared for whatever feeling is shared, good or bad. Every one reacts differently

37. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 37 9/26/2023 And uniquely to each situation presented to them including minor and major health dilemmas (event). Realizing that Mrs.XYZ and her daughter were just given some life threatening news, I encouraged them both to express how they were feeling about this diagnosis. Prior to discharge, Mrs.XYZ was encourage to seek an appointments with an oncologist and given a prescription for pain meds to help keep comfortable until she can get in to see the doctor. I helped them out the cubicle(small room) and said a silent prayer for the battle they were about to begin. CONTI…

38. Theory of Caring as a Sacred Science 38 9/26/2023 References 1:Wills M.Evelyn , McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams& wilkins . 2:http://currentnursing.com/ nursing_theory /watson.html 3: Watson Caring Science Institute. (2010). Retrieved from http:// 4:Watson J. & Foster R. (2003). The attending nurse caring model: Integrating theory, evidence and advanced caring-healing transforming professional practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing 12: 360-365. 5:American Nurses Association. (2015). ANA Code of Ethics. (2015). ). Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/DocumentVault/Ethics_1/Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses.html 6:Vance, T. (2003, March 20). Caring and the professional practice of nursing. RN Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.rnjournal.com/journal_of_nursing/caring.htm  

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