Mass Production of Trichoderma

INTRODUCTION
Trichoderma -A Bio-Control Agent
General characteristics, PREPARATION OF MOTHER CULTURE, Materials required, Method of application, Precautions.

1. ASSIGNMENT ON MASS PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA Presentation by:- Shivani Upadhyay 160501045 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA

2. INTRODUCTION In developing countries, there is excessive use of chemical pesticides to control plant diseases by agriculturist. Pesticides not only pollute the soil but also cause environmental pollution and human hazard. Among the fungal biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. are being used most abundantly against plant pathogens. Several species of Trichoderma which produce volatile and non-volatile antibiotics and enzymes are antagonistic to phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes

3. Trichoderma -A Bio-Control Agent Trichoderma spp. are free-living and abundantly present in the soil and rhizosphere region and are mycoparasitic of several soilborne plant pathogens. The fungus is effective against pathogens causing various diseases of the root region of plants, viz. collar rot, foot rot, damping off, etc. In the rhizosphere region, some strains of Trichoderma spp. release metabolites which improve the growth of seedling, and it also causes resistance against abiotic stress.

4. General characteristics Free living fungus common in soil and root ecosystem. Highly interactive in root, soil and foliar environment. Suppresses the pathogen by different mechanism of biocontrol . Cultures are fast growing in 25- 30 degrees centigrade. A characteristic sweet or coconut odour is produced by some species.

5. Targeted Species Used in Damping off caused by Pythium sp. Phytophthora sp., Root rot caused by Pellicularis filamentosa , Seedling blight caused by Pythium , Collar rot caused by Pellicularia rolfsii , Dry rot caused by Macrophomina phaseoli , Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseoli , Loose smut caused by Ustilago segetum , Karnal bunt diseases, Effective against rots on a wide range of crops, caused by fusarium , Rhizoctonia , and pythium .

6. Reduction of Anthracnose Disease On Grape leaf by Trichoderma

7. Trichoderma harzianium induces systemic protection against the pathogen Botrytis ceneria in tomato

8. PREPARATION OF MOTHER CULTURE A new culture is prepared from Trichoderma mother culture . HOW? PDA medium is prepared and some part of trichoderma culture is transferred into petriplate (containing PDA medium) from trichoderma mother culture through inoculation needle under laminar air flow. Seal the petriplate with paraffin wax and keep it in incubator for 5-6 days at 25° C. After 6 days, petriplate is fully filled with Trichoderma culture . For mass production, jowar seeds are inoculated with spore suspension of trichoderma .

9. SPORE SUSPENSION OF TRICHODERMA : For this take 1ml of sterilized water through pipette and transfer it to Trichoderma culture plate . And with the help of spreader, spread this water properly. In this way all the spores of fungus get mixed with distilled water. Then transfer this mixture into 100 ml sterilized water in a conical flask .

10. Materials required :- Rice/wheat/sorghum/maize Mother culture (may be procured from CIPMCs or State biocontrol laboratory) of Trichoderma Conical flask Petriplates Spreader Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) Cotton Spirit Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium Pipette and pipette tips Silver foil Sucrose Rubber bands Talc powder Test tubes Weighing balance Sterilized distilled water Spirit lamp Microscope Blender Inoculation needle Polypropylene bag

11. BOD INCUBATOR

12. Method of application: Seed treatment :  Mix 6 - 10 g of Trichoderma powder per Kg of seed before sowing. Soil treatment :  Apply 5 Kg of Trichoderma powder per hactare after turning of sun hemp into the soil for green manuring .  Or Mix 1kg of Trichoderma formulation in 100 kg of farmyard manure and cover it for 7 days with polythene. Sprinkle the heap with water intermittently. Turn the mixture in every 3-4 days interval and then broadcast in the field.

13. Cutting and seedling root dip :   Mix 10g of Trichoderma powder along with 100g of well rotten FYM per liter of water and dip the cuttings and seedlings for 10 minutes before planting

14. Precautions :- Don’t use chemical fungicides after application of Trichoderma for 4 to 5 days. Don’t use Trichoderma in dry soil. Don’t expose the treated seeds in direct sunlight. Do not open the cotton plug until use. Keep the bioformulation in a cold place (refrigerator preferably after sporulation).