Mass selection 21.05.2021

Dr. NAVEENKUMAR K.L
Assistant Professor
Dept. Of Genetics and Plant Breeding

1. Dr. NAVEENKUMAR K.L
Assistant Professor
Dept. Of Genetics and Plant Breeding
UAHS Shivamogga
MASS SELECTION

2. Methods of Breeding Self pollinated crops
1.Plant Introduction
2.Mass selection
3.Purelineselection
4.Pedigree method
5.Bulk method
6.Single seed descent method (SSD)
7.Backcross method
8.Heterosisbreeding
9.Mutation breeding
10.Polyploidy breeding
11.Distant hybridization
12.Transgenic breeding.
Methods of Breeding Cross pollinated crops
1.Plant introduction
2.Mass and progeny selection
3.Backcross method
4.Heterosisbreeding
5.Recurrent selection
6.Synthetic breeding
7.Composite breeding
8.Mutation breeding
9.Polyploidy breeding
10.Distant hybridization
11.Transgenic breeding

3. I. MASS SELECTION

4. Massselectionreferstoamethodsofcropimprovement
inwhichindividualplantsareselectedonthebasisof
phenotypefromamixedpopulation,theirseedsarebulked
andusedtogrownextgeneration.
OR
Massselectionreferstoalargenumberofplantsofsimilar
phenotypesareselectedandtheirseedsaremixedtogether
toconstitutethenewvariety.
Theoldestmethodsofcropimprovement
Applicabletobothselfandcrosspollinatedspecies.
Selectionmaybepracticedineachgenerationsby
eliminatingundesirableplants.
Massselectioncanbeusedintheimprovementofself&
crosspollinatedcropsbyplantingsegregatingpopulations
inlargeplotsandharvestinginbulks.
I. MASS SELECTION

5. MASS SELECTION
Inmassselectionalargenumberofplantsofsimilarphenotype
areselectedandtheirseedsaremixedtogethertoconstitutea
newvariety
Theplantsareselectedonthebasisoftheir
phenotype/appearanceorselectionisdoneforeasily
observablecharacterslikeplantheight,eartype,graincolour,
grainsize,diseaseresistance,tilleringability,lodgingetc.
Generallyplantsselectedinmassselectionarenotsubjectedto
progenytesting.

6. AccordingtoAllard(1960)progenytestingshouldbedonesoasto
eliminatepooranddefectiveprogenies.
Thepopulationobtainedfromselectedplantswouldbemore
uniformthantheoriginalpopulation.
Thepopulationisboundtoshowsomevariationforquantitative
characterslikeyield,qualityandadaptabilityastheplantsare
selectedrandomly.
Avarietydevelopedthroughmassselectionwillhaveconsiderable
geneticvariationandfurtherselections(Mass/Pureline)maybe
doneinsuchavarietyatalaterstage.

7. Objectives
1.Toincreasethefrequencyofsuperiorgenotypes
fromageneticallyvariablepopulation
2.Purifyamixedpopulationwithdiffering
phenotypes
3.Developanewcultivarbyimprovingtheaverage
performanceofthepopulation

8. Main features
1.Geneticconstitution:
Selfpollinatedcrops:-Amassselectedvarietyis
homozygousbutheterogeneousbecauseitismixture
ofseveralpureline.
Crosspollinatedcrops:-varietyismixtureof
homozygousandheterozygousandvarietyis
heterogeneous.

9. 2.Adaptation:
Massselectedvarietieshavewideadaptation.
Varietiesaremorestableagainstenvironmental
changes.
Heterogeneityprovidesbetterbufferingcapacity.
Massselectedvarietieshavebroadergeneticbase.
Adaptabilityismoreincrosspollinatedcropsthan
inselfpollinatedcrops.
3.Selection:
Selectioniseffectiveduetopresenceofheritable
variation.

10. 4.Variation:
Theyarecomposedofseveralpurelineinself
pollinatedcropsandofseveralhomoand
heterozygousgenotypesincrosspollinatedcrops.
Thereisheritablevariationinthemassselected
varieties.
Theheritablevariationprovidesthemgoodbuffering
capacity.
5.Maintenance:
Periodicremovalofofftypeplantsisessentialto
maintaintheyieldofmassselectedvarieties.

11. Types of mass selection
Positivemassselection:
Desirableplantsareselectedfromamixedpopulation.
Theirseedsaremixedtogethertogrowfurther
generation.
Thisprocessiscontinuedforseveralyears.
Oldvarietiesorlandracesareusedasthebasematerial.
Negativemassselection:
Onlyundesirableofftypesofplantsareremovedfromthe
fieldandrestareallowedtogrow.
GenerallyusedforVarietalpurificationinseed
production.
Helpsinmaintaininghighlevelofgeneticpurity.

12. STEPS IN MASS SELECTION
1.Selection of base population
2.Selection of desirable plants from base population
3.Mixing their seeds to rise next generation
4.Evaluation in field trails
5.Releasing as a new variety

13. PROCEDURE FIRSTYEAR
Alargeno.ofphenotypicallysimilarplantsare
selectedfortheirvigour,planttype,disease
resistance,etc.
100-1000Plantsselected.
Seedfromselectedplantsarecompositedto
raisenextgeneration.
SECONDYEAR
The composite seeds are planted in a preliminary
yield trial along with standard check variety.
The variety from which the selection was made
should also be included as a check to determine
if there has been an improvement due to the
selection.
THIRD TO FIFTH YEARS
Thevarietyisevaluatedinacoordinatedyield
trialsofseverallocations.
SIXTHYEAR
Seed multiplication for distribution.
XX X X X X
X XX X X X
X X X XX X
X X X X X X

14. VARIATION IN PROCEDURE OF MASS SELECTION WITH PROGENY TEST

15. The Success of mass selection depends on
1.Variability in base population
2.Mode of inheritance of characters to be improved
3.Heritability of characters
4.Oligogenicrecessive characters than polygenic traits

16. 1.Improvement of local / desivarieties
2.Purification of existing Purelinevarities
APPLICATIONS OF MASS
SELECTION

17. 1. IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL OR DESI VARIETIES
1.MSisusefulforimprovementoflocal/desivarieties
2.Localvarietiesaremixtureofseveralgenotypesthatmaydifferinflowering,
maturity,diseaseresistance,plantheightetc.Consequentlymanyofthese
typesmaybeinferior&pooryielders
3.Theeliminationofpoortypesthroughmassselectionwillimprovetheir
performanceanduniformityofavariety
4.Sincethelocaltypeshavebeenundercultivationforlongtimetheywillbewell
adaptedtothelocalenvironmentandwillberelativelystableintheir
performance
5.MSwillimprovethelocalvarietywithoutadverselyaffectingitsadaptability
andstabilitybecausethenewvarietywillbemadeupofmostsuperiorplant
typespresentintheoriginalpopulation

18. 2. PURIFICATION OF EXISTING PURELINE VARIETIES
Purelinestendtobecomevariablewithtimedueto
mutations,naturalhybridizationsandmechanicalmixtures
Henceitisnecessarythatthepurityofpurelinevarietiesbe
maintainedthroughregularmassselection.PresentlyMSis
usedpreciselyforthispurposeandtheNucleusSeedof
purelinesisproducedthroughMS
ThusasabreedingmethodMShasonlyalimitedapplication
forimprovementofSPC.

19. 1.Goodmethodforoldandlandracesvarieties.
2.Goodforpurificationofimprovedvariety.
3.Morestablethenpurelinesduetoheterogeneity.
4.Goodprotectionagaindiseaseandpest.
5.Simpleandquickmethodforimprovement.
6.Applicableinselfandcrosspollinatedspecies.
MERITS

20. DEMERITS
1.Thedevelopedthroughmassselectionsovariation
andarenotuniformaspurelinevariety.
2.Theimprovementthroughmassselectionis
generallylessthanthatcouldbeachievedthrough
purelineselection.
3.Intheabsenceofprogenytest,itisnotpossibleto
determineiftheselectedplantarehomozygous.
4.Duetothepopularityofpurelinevariety,mass
selectionisnotcommonlyuseforimprovementof
selfpollinatedcrop.

21. Bajra: Babapuri, Jamnagar giant, Pusamoti.
Yellow Sarson: T-42, T-16.
Brown Sarson: 17 dwarf, 17 medium, DS-1, DS-2,
Maize : T-14, 19, Jaunpuri.
Desicotton : C-402, C-520.
American cotton : 100F, 216F
Castor : B-1, B-4.
ACHIEVEMENT

22. Modification of mass selection
1.Rejection of inferior plants:
Inferior plant are removed before flowering.
2. Use of composite pollen:-
Pollen are collected then bulked.

23. 3. Stratification of field
Alsoknownasstratifiedmassselectionorgrid
methodofmassselection
ThismodificationsuggestedbyGardner(1961)
Fielddividedintoseveralsmallplots,having40-50
plantseach
Selectionisdonewithintheplotsandnotamongthe
plots.
Superiorplantareselectedineachsmallplot.
Seedsareselectedandcompositetoraisethenext
generation

24. Ear to Row Method