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1. MASTER SEMINAR Presented by: Sujata Singh M.Sc Agronomy- 3 rd Semester Advisor :- Dr. Pankaj Singh Department of Agronomy Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Mahavidyalaya Bakshi Ka Talab, Uttar Pradesh 226201

2. Dry land Farming TOPIC

3. INTRODUCTION Dry land farming is a part of dry land agriculture in which we grown the crops in arid or semiarid regions without artificial irrigation, by reducing evaporation is called as dry farming. Dry land farming is cultivation of crops in regions with annual rainfall less than 750 mm.The period of adequate soil moisture is less than 75 days moisture conservation practices are necessary for crop production.

4. United Nations Economics and Social Commission [UNESC] United Nations Economics and Social Commission [UNESC] distinguished dryland agriculture mainly into two categories: Dryland farming and Rainfed farming .

5. Need for Dryland Agriculture in India For the balanced development of country, dryland agriculture must be emphasized. Dryland agriculture is based on the industrial crops  e.g. cotton, groundnut, oilseeds, pulses, tobacco. For development of agro processing industries and to make Indian agriculture more export- oriented greater emphasis on dryland agriculture is inevitable. Agriculture has forwarded and backward linkages with industry. I ndustrial crops are produced in greater quantum, meso-scale, household, cottage industries could be developed in rural areas and rural dev processes can be propelled. M ostly  produces hardy and nutritious crops  e.g. Jowar , bajra, ragi, pulses, oilseeds, cottonseeds, sunflower, safflower. Dryland agriculture involves cash cropping, E.g.  Jatropha cultivation can reduce the magnitude of petroleum crisis P otential to  produce fodder and cattle feed . Also, here the pasture lands are more extensive and cattle breeds have greater per-capital yield. Sheep-raising has greater prospect in semi-arid areas.

6. Solution to Improve Efficiency and Productivity of Dryland Agriculture Water-harvesting: It means capturing rain where it falls or capturing the runoff in your own village or town a nd taking measures to keep that water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place in the catchment. Capturing runoff from rooftops Capturing runoff from local catchments Capturing seasonal floodwaters from local streams Conserving water through watershed management Agronomical practices on scientific basis  e.g. Crop rotation, intercropping etc. Soil preparation : No soil is ideal hence it necessitates the preparation of soil before and after the cultivation. Soil fertility may be lost due to continuous farming; for the replenishment of soil contents, it is prepared prior to sowing of seeds. In agriculture, ploughing, levelling, and manuring are the three steps of soil preparation.

7. Organic farming:   Organic farming is a system that avoids or excludes use of synthetic inputs like pesticides, fertilizers, hormones, etc. and relying on techniques like crop rotation, organic wastes, farm manure, rock additives and crop residues for plant protection and nutrient utilization. Watershed management : It involves the management of land surface and vegetation so as to conserve the soil and water for immediate and long-term benefits to the farmers, community, and society as a whole.  The various measures adopted under   soil and water harvesting is: Vegetative barriers Building of contour bunds along contours for erosion Furrow/Ridges and Furrow ridge method of cultivation across the slope. Irrigation water management through drip and sprinkler methods. Planting of horticultural contour species on bunds. Ecological conservation techniques in farming : Ecological farming includes all methods, including organic, which regenerate ecosystem services like: prevention of soil erosion, water infiltration and retention, carbon sequestration in the form of humus, and increased biodiversity. Many techniques are used including no-till, multispecies cover crops, strip cropping, terrace cultivation, shelterbelts, pasture cropping, etc. Use of HYV varieties of crops  (drought resistance crops).

8. Characters of dryland farming Uncertain, ill-distributed and limited annual rainfall. Occurrence of extensive climatic hazards like drought, flood etc. Undulating soil surface. Practice of extensive agriculture i.e. prevalence of mono cropping etc. Very low crop yield. Poor market facility for the produce. Poor health of cattle as well as farmers.

9. Problems of Dryland Farming: Vagaries of monsoon rainfall. Soil constraints. Lack of suitable varieties . Heavy weed infestation. Traditional cultivation practices. Problem in application of mannure and fertilizers. Socioeconomic constraints.

10. Thank you