Masteral Arts GROUP 4_CHAPTER 4_Virtue-Ethics.pptx

MA Report

1. Prayer

2. DR. CECILIA SAENZ GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION SHARON MAY Q. CRUZ COG 104 PROFESSOR TEACHER FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ETHICS 1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

3. Chapter 4: Virtue Ethics

4. What is Virtue? -are positive traits that contribute to a good life.

5. What is Ethics? Ethics is based on well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do.

6. What is Virtue Ethics? Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of character and virtues in moral philosophy, rather than focusing solely on rules (deontology) or the consequences of actions (consequentialism).

7. What is Virtue Ethics? Virtue ethics focuses on the nature and character of the person performing the action.

8. Virtue ethics is concerned with two questions: What kind of life should I live? 2. What is the good life?

9. DR. CECILIA SAENZ GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION ALBERT P. CURIOSO COG 104 PROFESSOR TEACHER FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ETHICS 1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

10. Aristotle’s Biography He was born on 384 BC in Stagira, Northern Greece. He was a genius, Greek philosopher, and one of the greatest scientist of all time.

11. Aristotle’s Biography When he was 17, he was sent to Athens to pursue higher education. Aristotle enrolled in “The Academy” school founded by Plato.

12. Aristotle’s Biography He was the star pupil at the Academy, and stayed on at the school as an instructor for 20 years. Aristotle opposed some of Plato's teachings, and when Plato died, Aristotle was not appointed as the head of the Academy.

13. Aristotle’s Biography After leaving Athens, Aristotle spent some time traveling, and possibly studying biology. Aristotle is said to have written 150 philosophical study. The 30 that survive touch on an enormous range of philosophical problems, from biology and physics to morals to aesthetics to politics.

14. Aristotle’s Biography The Nicomachean Ethics is Aristotle's best-known works on ethics. The title is derived from Aristotle's son, Nicomachus , its focuses on the nature of ethical virtue and the path to achieving a good life.

15. DR. CECILIA SAENZ GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION GLENELYN T. DACERA COG 104 PROFESSOR TEACHER FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ETHICS 1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

16. Aristotle’s Philosophy Aristotle's philosophy defines virtue, referred to as " arete " in Greek word as a state of excellence or moral goodness, it refers to the qualities and characteristics that enable individuals to achieve their full potential and fulfill their purpose of function effectively.

17. For Aristotle, " arete " – represent the highest form of moral and intellectual qualities, It’s a central concept of ethical theory.

18. Example of Arete in virtue of Courage . Aristotle views courage as the mean between two extremes: Recklessness and Cowardice.

19. Example of Arete in virtue of Generosity . Aristotle views courage as the mean between two extremes: Wastefulness and Stinginess.

20. Types of Virtue Aristotle categorizes virtues into two primary classifications: intellectual virtues and moral virtues.

21. Distinction between moral virtues and intellectual virtues Moral Virtues : According to Aristotle, moral virtues are traits of character that lead to good behavior and ethical decision-making. Examples include courage, temperance, and justice. Moral virtues are developed through habit and practice. 2. Intellectual Virtues : These are qualities related to the mind and intellect, such as wisdom, understanding, and prudence. Intellectual virtues are cultivated through teaching and learning.

22. DR. CECILIA SAENZ GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION MA. LOURDES I. DE GUIA COG 104 PROFESSOR TEACHER FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ETHICS 1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

23. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation 1. Aristotle believe that everything in reality was working into telos , this was an end or a purpose. Everything have a telos, and something was judge as good or bad based on how will it fulfill its purpose.

24. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation 2. Concept of Eudaimonia – This a type of happiness, pure happiness, the ultimate goal of being alive, full satisfaction, our fulfillment. Everything we do is to strive to world Eudaimonia, everything we desire

25. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation Aristotle’s theory of causation is foundational to his philosophy and science, outlining how various types of causes explain phenomena in the natural world.

26. Aristotle identifies four distinct types of causes, each answering a different question about why something exists or occurs: 1. *Material Cause* : This refers to the substance or matter out of which something is made. For example, the material cause of a wooden table is the wood itself.

27. 2. *Formal Cause* : This is the form or essence of a thing, which gives it its identity. In the case of the table, the formal cause would be the design or blueprint of the table that defines what it is.

28. 3. * Efficient Cause *: This type of cause relates to the agent or process that brings something into being. For example, the carpenter who builds the table represents the efficient cause.

29. 4. * Final Cause *: This refers to the purpose or end for which something exists. In the case of the table, its final cause might be to provide a surface for eating or working.