Mastitis in cattle, buffalo

My small prestantation for students and others to grow up own knowledge.

1. Dr Ashish Tanwer
Teaching Associate
V.C.C, C.V.A.S Bikaner

2. Introduction
Mastitisis the inflammation of the mammary
gland and udder tissue in animal, and it is a
major endemic disease of dairy cattle.
It usually occurs as an immune response to
bacterial invasion of the teat canal by variety
of bacterial sources present on the farm, and
can also occur as a result of chemical,
mechanical, or thermal injury to the cow's
udder.

3. In Hindithis disease is known as
JAHER BAHAAV.
Milk-secreting tissues and various ducts
throughout the udder can be damaged by
bacterial toxins, and sometimes permanent
damage to the udder occurs.
Once udder becomes infected with bacterial
infection, it is said that its never become free
of this organism.

4. Etiology
The bacteria that have been found to cause
mastitis are as follow….
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus dysagalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus and albus
Corynebacterium pyogenes
E.coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

5. Streptococcus agalactiaewas the most
commonest organism causing mastitis but in
India Streptococcus aureusand pyogenes
have been isolated from large number of
cases.
Streptococci are Gram-positive
spherical/ovoid cocci arranged in long
chains; commonly in pairs.Non-spore-
forming, nonmotile.

6. Route Of Transmission
Through Teat canal
Through wounds caused by any trauma
Contaminated cups of milking machines
Milkers hand
Farm utensils
Contagiouspathogens that cause mastitis tend to
live on the cow's udder and teat skin and transfer
from affected cow (or quarter) to unaffected cow (or
quarter) during milking.……

7. …..They adhere easily to the skin, colonising
the teat end and then 'grow' into the teat
canal.
Environmentalmastitis pathogens -present
in the housing and bedding -can transfer
during milking or between milkings, when the
cow is loafing, eating or lying down. The
pathogen can enter the teat canal by force
during milking

8. SIGNS AND Symptom
The degree of illness and the symptoms
present will depend on many factors, such as
the nutritional or immune status of the cow,
which pathogen is responsible for the
inflammation, and a range of environmental
factors such as cleanliness, humidity and
ambient temperature.

9. The uddersuch as swelling, heat,hardness,
redness,or pain; and
The milksuch as a watery appearance,
flakes, clots,or pus.
Other symptoms, depending upon the
severity of the illness like….
A reduction in milk yield.
An increase in body temperature.

10. The lack of appetite.
Sunken eyes.
Signs of diarrhoea and dehydration.
A reduction in mobility, due to the pain of a swollen
udder or simply due to feeling unwell.
casein, an important protein found in healthy milk
can be significantly reduced in sub-mastitic cows.
An overall effect of the chemical alterations in milk
mean that the pH of milk, normally around 6.6, can
increase to 6.8 or 6.9 in mastitic cows.

11. Pathogenesis
The teat canal is lined by the same type of
epithelium that covers the teat ,this epithelium
seems to secrete a type of smegma (rich in fatty
acids) and inhibits the streptococci.
Three phases of Mastitis :
1.The invasion phase
2.The infection phase
3.The inflammatory phase

12. Phases of mastitis
1.The invasion phase: In this phase the
bacteri are able to enter the teat orifice and
be present in the teat canal and cistern.
2. The infection phase: In this the organism
are able to overcome the resistance and
multiply.
3.The inflammatory phase: In this organism
invade the udder.

14. In acute cases mortality may be high due to
toxemia and udder is hard, swollen and very
painful.
Secretion of milk is very little and that to
blood stained.
Uninfected quarters are also swollen
because of the action of the toxin that has
diffused into them.

15. Dignosis
By collecting samples of the milk produced
by cows suffering from the symptoms of
mastitis, and indeed samples of cows
identified as having high Somatic Cell
Counts.
1.Strip cup test: The milk is stripped directly
in strip cup plate from all the four quarters
and check clots or flakes.

16. California mastitis test
.
The California Mastitis Test
(CMT) is a simple cow-side
indicator of the somatic cell
countof milk.
Whiteside described a reaction
between sodium hydroxideand
milk that resulted in the
thickening of mastitic milk

17. PROCEDURE
A four-well plastic paddle is used, one well being for
each quarter of the cow to be tested. Foremilk is
discarded, and then a little milk drawn into each well.
An equal volume of test reagent is added, and gently
agitated
The reaction is scored on a scale of 0 (mixture
remains unchanged) to 3 (almost-solid gel forms),
with a score of 2 or 3 being considered a positive
result]

18. 3.Hotis test: 0.5ml .5% bromocresol purple
solution
+
9.5 ml suspected milk in test tube
Mix and incubate at 37*c 24hours
yellow colour then
streptococcus agalactiae present

19. 4. In E.coli infection serus exudate from
bovine udder in left and normal milk in right..

20. Treatment
The treatment of mastitis is most often via
the administration of antibiotics. An antibiotic
may have a systemic effect -by injection into
the muscle or under the skin of the animal -
or it may be infused into the teat through the
teat canal. Often both routes are used to
treat a case of mastitis.

21. Prevention of infection
The original 5 points were amended during the late 1990s as
part of The National Mastitis Action Plan to include a sixth point:
Hygienic teat management: which includes good housing
management, effective teat preparation and disinfection for
good milk hygiene, teat health and disease control.
Prompt identification and treatment of clinical mastitis
cases: including the use of the most appropriate treatment for
the symptoms.

22. Dry cow management and therapy: where cows are dried off
abruptly and teats are cleaned scrupulously before dry cow
antibiotics are administered, including the use of teat-end
sealants if appropriate.
Culling chronically affected cows: cows that become
impossible to cure and represent a reservoir of infection for the
whole herd.
Regular testing and maintenance of the milking machine:
with regular, recommended teatcup liner replacement and
milking machine servicing and attention paid to items which
must be checked on a daily, weekly or monthly basis.
Good record keeping: of all aspects of mastitis treatment, dry
cow therapy, milking machine servicing, Somatic Cell Counts
and Bactoscan results, and clinical mastitis cases.

23. LOSSES IN MASTITIS
Milk thrown away due to contamination by
medication or being unfit to drink.
A reduction in yields due to illness and any
permanent damage to udder tissue.
The extra labour required to tend to mastitic cows.
The costs of veterinary care and medicines.
The cost of reduced longevity due to premature
culling.

24. Thank you….