Matter in Our Surroundings.pptx chemistry

matter in our surrounding

1. Matter in Our Surroundings Class IX, NCERT

2. Introduction to Matter Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Examples: Air, water, rocks, and plants.

3. Characteristics of Particles of Matter - Particles of matter have space between them. - Particles of matter are continuously moving. - Particles of matter attract each other. Examples: Dissolving sugar in water, diffusion of perfume in air.

4. States of Matter There are three states of matter: - Solid - Liquid - Gas Example: Ice (solid), Water (liquid), Water vapor (gas)

5. Solid State - Fixed shape and volume - Particles are closely packed Examples: Ice, wood, iron

6. Liquid State - No fixed shape, fixed volume - Particles are less closely packed than solids Examples: Water, milk, oil

7. Gaseous State - Neither fixed shape nor fixed volume - Particles are far apart and move freely Examples: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, steam

8. Change of State - Melting: Solid to liquid - Freezing: Liquid to solid - Vaporization: Liquid to gas - Condensation: Gas to liquid - Sublimation: Solid to gas Examples: Melting of ice, boiling of water, dry ice sublimation

9. Effect of Temperature on States of Matter - Increase in temperature can change solid to liquid and liquid to gas. - Decrease in temperature can change gas to liquid and liquid to solid. Examples: Heating of ice, cooling of steam.

10. Effect of Pressure on States of Matter - Increasing pressure can change gas to liquid and liquid to solid. Example: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in cylinders.

11. Real-Life Applications of Different States of Matter - Solids: Building materials, tools - Liquids: Drinking water, fuels - Gases: Breathing, cooking gas

12. Concept Test Questions 1. What happens to the particles of matter during diffusion? Answer: Particles spread out and mix with each other. 2. Give an example of a substance that sublimates. Answer: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). 3. Why do gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume? Answer: Because their particles move freely and are far apart.

13. Summary - Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. - Three states of matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas. - Change of state occurs due to temperature and pressure changes. - Real-life applications in daily life.

14. References - NCERT Class IX Science Textbook - Relevant images and diagrams from reliable sources.

15. Thank You Thank you for your attention!