MBAM MODULE 2 PART 2 GEAR BOX V SEM.pptx

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1. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr.Suneel Kumar N Kulkarni Prof & HOD Module –2, Part 2 ENGINEERING COMPONENTS AND ITS PRINCIPLE PARTS GEAR BOX MODERN MOBILITY AND AUTOMATIVE MECHANICS – 21ME54

2. Syllabus MODERN MOBILITY AND AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICS MODULE -2, PART 2, GEAR BOX Gear Box; Gear Shifting mechanism, synchromesh Gear box, Torque converter, Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT), Automatic Transmission (AT), intelligent manual Transmission (IMT) Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT)- Working of Differential, Rear Axle types &construction. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

3. Introduction 1 The gearbox is connected to the engine's crankshaft through a clutch, which allows the motor and gearbox to be temporarily disengaged when changing gears. Its primary role is to churn out the right amount of power and torque to the wheels at different speeds to achieve optimal performance and mileage . 2 The purpose of the gearbox is to give means so that the torque can be varied as required between the engine and the road wheels . 3 Today , of course, the automobile vehicle has become a basic necessity and business of making and servicing automobiles has become one of the biggest businesses in the world. 4 I.C . Engines are used, in order to obtain motive power of the vehicle. In recent years, a huge changes are made in the design of automobiles to provide safety, ease of operation, reliability, comfort, less fuel consumption etc. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

4. Functions of Gear box A gearbox is used in power transmission from the engine, through the clutch, to the wheels of the vehicle. It provides for the controlled application of power and torque through the use of gears and gear trains. The car would not be able to start off from a standstill or climb inclines without a gear box . 2 A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses gears to change the speed or direction of rotation in a machine. Many transmissions have multiple gear ratios, but there are also transmissions that use a single fixed gear ratio. 3 A gearbox, also known as a gear drive, has three main functions: to increase torque from the driving equipment (motor) to the driven equipment, to reduce the speed generated by the motor, and/or to change the direction of the rotating shafts . 4 Modern cars use helical gears and synchromesh devices in the gearboxes, that synchronize the rotation of gears that are about to mesh. This eliminates clashing of the gears and makes gear shifting easier. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

5. Functions of Gear box 5 The gear box is necessary in the transmission system to maintain engine speed (or torque) at the most economical value under all conditions of vehicle movement. 6 An ideal gear box would provide an infinite range of gear ratios, so that the engine speed should be kept at or near that the maximum power is developed whatever the speed of the vehicle . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

6. Purpose of Gear Box 1 Provides speed and torque conversions because of the limitations of internal combustion engines. 2 Also facilitates change of direction of output shaft for reversing. 3 Automotive gearboxes are used to reduce load on the engine by manipulating torque and speed. 4 They have the option to select one of several different gear ratios. 5 Once the engine has reached a number of revolutions per minute, it is advisable to increase the gear to reduce the engine rpm to reduce wear on the engine, allow more control, and greater speeds, better acceleration, and better fuel economy. 6 Most gearboxes are used to increase torque & reduce the speed of a output shaft. This produces a mechanical advantage 7 Automotive gearbox also have the provision to do the opposite i.e. provide an increase in output shaft speed with a reduction of torque (overdrive). www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

7. Types of Gear Box 1 Sliding Mesh type gear box 2 Constant Mesh type gear box 3 Synchro Mesh type gear box 4 Planetary type gear box www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

8. Types of Gear Box 1 Manually Operated Selective type i) Sliding Mesh type gear box ii) Constant Mesh type gear box iii) Synchro Mesh type gear box iv) Planetary type gear box 2 Over-Drive i) Semi-Automatic ii) Automatic Transmission www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

9. Sliding Mesh type Gear Box 1 The power comes from the engine to the clutch shaft and then to the clutch gear which is always in mesh with gear on the lay shaft. 2 All the gears on the lay shaft are fixed to it and as such they are all the time rotating when the engine is running and the clutch is engaged. 3 Three direct and one reverse speeds are attained on suitably moving the gear on the main shaft by means of selector mechanism. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

10. Sliding Mesh type Gear Box www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

11. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Constant Mesh type Gear Box 1 In this type of gear box, all the gears are in constant mesh with the corresponding gears on the lay shaft. The gears on the main shaft which is splined are free. 2 The dog clutch are provided which are free to slide on the main shaft. The gears on the lay shaft are, however, fixed. 3 When the left dog clutch is slide to the left by means of the selector mechanism, its teeth are engaged with those on the clutch gear and we get the direct gear. 4 The same dog clutch, however, when the slide to right makes contact with the second gear. 5 Similarly movement of the right dog clutch to the left result in low gear and towards right in reverse gear.

12. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Constant Mesh type Gear Box 1

13. 3 www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Synchro-Mesh type Gear Box 1 This type of gear box is similar to the constant mesh type in that all the gears on the main shaft are in constant mesh with the corresponding gears on the lay shaft. 2 The gears on the lay shaft are fixed to it while those on the main shaft are free to rotate on the same. 3 Its working is also similar to the constant mesh type, but in the former there is one definite improvement over the latter. 4 This is the provision of synchromesh device which avoids the necessity of double declutching. The parts which ultimately are to be engaged are first brought into frictional contact which equalizes their speed, after which these may be engaged smoothly.

14. 3 www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Synchro-Mesh type Gear Box

15. 3 www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Synchro-Mesh type Gear Box

16. 3 www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Gear shifting (Selector) mechanisms When the vehicle operator moves the gear selector lever, the shift finger selects an engagement groove on one of the shift forks. Adjacent the shift finger, the locking plate define locking tongues, which block movement of the shift fork arms that are unselected by engagement with the shift finger. A conventional 5-speed manual transmission is often the standard equipment in a base-model car, while more expensive manual vehicles are usually equipped with a 6-speed transmission instead; other options include automatic transmissions such as a traditional automatic (hydraulic planetary) transmission. 

17. 3 www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Gear shifting (Selector) mechanisms 1 The gear shift lever can be located either on steering or on the steering column, for using it for shifting the gears. 2 The steering column gear shift mechanism is used on cars while footboard type is used in commercial vehicles, jeeps, medium vehicles and vans. 3 The gear shifting mechanism is used for changing gears easily and selecting required gear train and bringing the selected gears into operation.

18. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Gear shifting (Selector) mechanisms 4 For engaging the slots on the gear box it is consisting of fork on the gearbox. 5 Into a slot at the top of the boss of the selector fork, the tip of the gear shift lever is fitted. 6 In neutral position it is provided with free sideway movement in either way. In case of steering column gear changes arrangement, the free movement is in the up and down direction. 7 The floor type shifting mechanism is less costly as it requires less maintenance.

19. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Gear shifting (Selector) mechanisms 7 The steering column type shifting mechanism can be operated easily, as driver has to move his hand through a short distance and the front compartment space of the vehicle is more. 8 It is difficult to learn to operate the steering column shifting mechanism, it is complex, need more maintenance and is costly.

20. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Gear shifting (Selector) mechanisms

21. Torque Converter 1 The torque converter is what transmits that torque from the engine to a rotating driven load. In an automatic transmission car, the torque converter connects the power source to the load. Torque converters are comprised of five main components: the impeller, the turbine, the stator, a clutch, and the fluid. 2 A torque converter is a device that transmits torque (= twisting force) from one shaft to another. The torque converter is generally used with automatic transmissions, where it serves as a hydraulic clutch. The torque converter gives the car more torque when it accelerates out of a stop . 3 With the help of a hydraulic system, the torque converter allows the car to stop and move. The converter also transfers power from the engine to the transmission, reducing the bumps while driving. Another function of the torque converter is that it allows several rotations between the car transmission and the engine . (BMW, MINI, AUDI CARS) www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

22. Torque Converter 1 Internal combustion engines create power by burning fuel that forces the pistons to turn the crankshaft located at the bottom of the engine. This rotational force is transferred to the transmission by the fluid pressure inside the torque converter. 2 Inside of the torque converter cover lives a series of propeller-like blades called the pump. This assembly spins in unison with the engine crankshaft, forcing transmission fluid onto another blade assembly called the impeller. This second set of blades is connected to the transmission input shaft. The amount of hydraulic pressure that it creates inside the transmission dictates the gear and ultimately, the speed of the vehicle. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

23. Torque Converter 3 The impeller’s speed is regulated by the engine side of this hydrodynamic circuit (i.e. speed of the pump blades). When the vehicle is stationary, or the driver applies the brakes, the impeller will slow considerably, while the pump continues to spin. This allows the torque converter to act like the clutch in a manual transmission – it allows the engine to continue running while the vehicle is at a complete stop. 4 Once the transmission fluid has been hurled onto the impeller blades, it has to return to the pump in order to keep the cycle going. Since the fluid is now flowing in a different direction than the pump, it has to be reversed to avoid slowing down (and stalling) the engine. ransmission dictates the gear and ultimately, the speed of the vehicle. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

24. Torque Converter 5 To do this, a third finned wheel called the stator is located between the two turbines on the transmission pump shaft. Its blades are precisely angled so that when the transmission fluid hits them, it reverses direction and gets channeled back to the pump. When the vehicle stops, its built-in one-way clutch causes it to stop spinning, breaking the hydrodynamic circuit. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

25. Torque Converter www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

26. Torque Converter www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

27. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Advantages of Torque Converter 1 It multiplies the torque by the movement of oil. 2 All parts are remain sinked in oil hence their wear is less. 3 It transmits power without noise & shocks at different speed and torque ratio. 4 Operation is completely automatic & reliable. 5 Generally servicing of torque converter is not necessary. 6 Construction of torque converter is simple, wear is less due to less effect of slip.

28. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Disadvantages of Torque Converter The torque available to start the vehicle from rest in first gear is reduces with the increase in speed of the vehicle . 2 It be c om e s fluid coupl i ng on inc r e a sing sp e ed of vehi c le, h en c e the torque multiplication stops thereafter. 3 There is no torque multiplication in third and fourth gear. 4 Reverse gear arrangement of mechanical type is to be used with it. 5 T o pr e vent torque c o nv e rter from o verrunn in g, a free wheel d evi c e is required.

29. Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT)   1 The automated manual transmission (AMT) is a type of transmission for motor vehicles. It is essentially a conventional manual transmission equipped with automatic actuation to operate the clutch and/or shift gears . 2 AMT employs an electro-hydraulic actuation system for clutch operation. This system utilises sensors and a hydraulic mechanism to automatically engage and disengage the clutch. The system responds to the driver's input, making gear changes smooth and effortless. 3 An AMT is composed of a dry clutch, a gearbox, and an embedded dedicated control system that uses electronic sensors, processors, and actuators to actuate gear shifts on the driver's command. This removes the need for a clutch pedal while the driver is still able to decide when to change the gear. 4 Most drivers who transition from manual to AMT experience relief in their back and knee because they no longer have to actively engage the clutch every time they change gears. Drivers also say that they prefer to drive AMT trucks because they offer a smoother or less jerky ride than a manual transmission vehicle. 5 The gear shift pattern is pre-programmed from the factory and that data is stored by the ECU. So whenever the RPM climbs to a certain level, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) automatically controls the actuators to operate both the clutch and gearbox in synchronisation . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

30. Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT)   www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

31. Automatic Transmission 1 An automatic transmission uses sensors that allow it to shift gears at the appropriate time by using the internal oil pressure. Shifting gears happens when the transmission is disconnected from the engine temporarily, which is handled by the torque converter. 2 An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. 3 Rather than using a clutch to engage the transmission, a fluid flywheel, or torque converter is placed in between the engine and transmission. 4 The primary job of an automatic transmission is to allow the engine to operate in its narrow range of speeds while providing a wide range of output speeds . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

32. Automatic Transmission 1 Epicyclic Gearing or Planetary Gearing are as used in an automatic transmission. An Automatic transmission will select an appropriate gear ratio without any operator intervention. 2 They primarily use hydraulics to select gears, depending on pressure exerted by fluid within the transmission assembly. 3 Rather than using a clutch to engage the transmission, a fluid flywheel, or torque converter is placed in between the engine and transmission. 4 It is possible for the driver to control the number of gears in use or select reverse, though precise control of which gear is in use may or may not be possible. 5 For certain applications, the slippage inherent in automatic transmissions can be advantageous; for instance, in drag racing, the automatic transmission allows the car to be stopped with the engine at a high rpm (the "stall speed") to allow for a very quick launch when the brakes are released www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

33. Automatic Transmission www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

34. Working of Automatic Transmission 1 If the car is in overdrive (on a four-speed transmission), the transmission will automatically select the gear based on vehicle speed and throttle pedal position. 2 When we accelerate gently, shifts will occur at lower speeds than if accelerate at full throttle. 3 When we floor the pedal, the transmission will downshift to the next lower gear. 4 When we move the shift selector to a lower gear, the transmission will downshift unless the car is going too fast for that gear. If the car is going too fast, it will wait until the car slows down and then downshift. 5 When we put the transmission in second gear, it will never downshift or upshift out of second, even from a complete stop, unless we move the shift lever. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

35. Advantages of Automatic Transmission Advantages of Automatic Transmission over Manual Transmission: 1 Better fuel efficiency 2 No loss of torque transmission from the engine to the driving wheels during gear shifts. 3 Very smooth gear-shift operations. 4 Appeals to drivers due to overall fast shifts and rapid responses, along with the latest technology. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

36. Disadvantages of Automatic Transmission Disadvantages of Automatic Transmission over Manual Transmission: 1 Mechanical efficiency is less than that of a manual transmission type. 2 Its requires a specialized transmission fluid/lubricants which is expensive and need to be changed regularly. 3 It is expensive to manufacture. 4 It is heavier than an conventional manual transmission gearbox. 5 It has much higher rate of failure due to complexity. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

37. Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT) 1 Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT), sy stem simply removes the clutch pedal thus reducing a major point of interaction a driver has with the car. It relies on an intelligent intention sensor, hydraulic clutch actuator, and an electronic transmission control unit. 2  Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT), is an advanced gearbox technology that combines the convenience of an automatic transmission with the engagement and control of a manual transmission. With iMT , drivers no longer need to manually operate the clutch pedal, as it is electronically controlled. Is IMT better than automatic? Thus, I MTs offer drivers greater control of their cars in terms of gear-shifting by letting them decide when to upshift or downshift. AMTs on the other hand offer peace of mind by automatically changing gears at speeds pre-defined by car manufacturers keeping in mind longevity and mileage . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

38. Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT) 1 This system simply removes the clutch pedal thus reducing a major point of interaction a driver has with the car. It relies on an intelligent intention sensor, hydraulic clutch actuator, and an electronic transmission control unit. This is then put together with a conventional H gearbox which in turn works with the engine of the car. To explain it in even simpler terms, the iMT transmission removes the clutch pedal and uses sensors to use the ‘in-built’ clutch while the power to change gears remains in the drivers’ hands. Benefits of Intelligent Manual Transmission(IMT) : 1 In this way you have complete control over what gear your car is in and you don’t have to rely on the software getting it right. Thus, in situations like coming down a slope or overtaking, you have full control over the gearbox and you know the car will not second guess you. And this is of course without the headache of operating the clutch. 2 Another advantage is that by using fewer parts than an AMT (as there are no actuators for the gears required), the cost of an iMT is also closer to that of a regular manual . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

39. Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT) www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

40. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) 1 A CVT transmission, or continuously variable transmission, seamlessly changes through an unending range of effective gear ratios while you drive, whereas other kinds of mechanical transmissions offer a fixed number of gear ratios and have hard shifts between each. 2 CVTs are used in cars, tractors, side-by-sides, motor scooters, snowmobiles, bicycles, and earthmoving equipment. The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain; however, several other designs have also been used at times. 3 AMT is like your normal gearbox, which a machine is operating at fixed speeds/rpms (you will feel gear changes and a slight jerk). whereas CVT (continuously variable transmission), is a shiftless , single-speed transmission. 4 he CVT offers many advantages to drivers. Instead of working with gears, the CVT is gearless. Instead, two pulleys are connected by a flexible belt in order to send engine power to the wheels. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

41. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) Traditional Automatic Transmission   – 1 When you drive an automatic, all you need to do is select Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive and the transmission does all the work for you. Once your foot presses down on the pedal, the transmission matches engine and road speeds for you. 2 Manufacturers build these types of transmissions with a range of individual gears. In the past, they would have as few as three or four. Today’s modern automatic transmissions can contain up to 10 or even 11 individual gears. These ratios help the vehicle maximize fuel efficiency or deliver responsive performance depending on the application. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)  – 1 Although a CVT operates in a similar fashion as a traditional automatic transmission, they are quite different in their construction. A CVT doesn’t use any gears at all. 2 Instead , they rely on two cone-shaped pulleys to transfer power from the engine, through the transmission, and to the drive wheels. These pulleys are able to vary their width depending on power inputs, hence the name Continuously Variable Transmission. Working in tandem, these pulleys allow a CVT to accelerate with both smoothness and strength . www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

42. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) What is Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)? 1 A continuously variable transmission system is a type of automatic transmission in which an arrangement of pulleys and belts made it possible for a drive to achieve n-number of continuous gear ratios within a range (depends on the design). 2 A continuously variable transmission in a vehicle senses the accelerator input with engine load and get shifted to the desired speed or torque gear ratio automatically, in other words we can say that a cvt transmission is one of the simplest types of automatic transmission that provides continuous uninterrupted power within a specified range of speed and torque ratios. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

43. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

44. Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) Infinitely variable transmissions (IVT) are one type of continuously variable transmission which ensure an infinite ratio range coverage by providing even zero transmission ratio with an unmoving output shaft and an input shaft without zero velocity . IVT(Infinitely variable transmissions) is CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), this type of automatic transmission uses pulleys or belts for gear shifting. The use of belts or pulleys instead of steel gears results in variable gear ratios dependent on engine speed or RPM. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

45. Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) What is CVT and IVT in cars? Although it is very similar to a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), IVT is said to be capable of reproducing the shift pattern of a manual transmission, making it feel more responsive. Designed and built by Hyundai Transys , IVT ditches the conventional metallic belt in favour of a chain belt. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

46. Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering Figure 2.  Vehicle layouts with ( a ) CVT and ( b ) IVT. ( a ) Schematic of the BEV with a CVT; ( b ) Schematic of the BEV with an IVT.

47. Differential of automobile The differential is a system that allows the drive wheels to turn at different speeds, which is required when the car is negotiating a turn. In a turn, the outside wheel must travel farther, which means it must travel faster than the inside wheels. The sun gears which drive the axle half-shafts rotate at a different speed related to the ring gear (one faster, one slower). This means, 2 full turns each (4 full turns relative to each other), which causes the left wheel to make 12 rotations and the right wheel to make 8 rotations There are four types of differentials in vehicles, as mentioned below: 1 Open Differential. It is the simplest and most common differential used in vehicles. 2 Limited Slip Differential. 3 Locking Differentials. 4 Torque Vectoring Differential. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

48. Differential of automobile Why Is Differential Needed? Proper functioning of a differential is essential while turning a vehicle. It helps in correct power distribution on left and right wheels. While a car turns on a bend, the differential ensures that the wheel on the inner side of a turning curve gets less torque than the outer one. It enhances the vehicle’s control during cornering. To understand the importance of this vehicular system, assume that there is no differential in a vehicle. In this scenario, wheels on either side of that car would get a similar RPM every time. As a result, both wheels would travel an equivalent distance, making the car move in a straight line. Thus, it is difficult or almost impossible to approach a corner properly. The vehicle differential in automobiles evades all these inconveniences by controlling cars’ rotational power. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

49. Differential of automobile There are four types of differentials in vehicles, as mentioned below: 1 Open Differential It is the simplest and most common differential used in vehicles. An open differential helps the wheels get different torque while cornering. It works perfectly under proper road conditions. However, when the car wheels come on a slippery surface, it becomes difficult to tackle a corner. In this situation, the wheel only spins due to lack in traction and does not move in any direction. 2 Limited Slip Differential The essential functionality of this differential is the same, to share the torque evenly in both wheels. However, it is different from an open differential system in sharing the power when the traction is less or zero on one wheel. It channels more power on the wheel, which has more on-road traction. As a result, even on a slippery road surface, the vehicle keeps moving. You can see its applications on high performance vehicles, race cars, etc. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

50. Differential of automobile There are four types of differentials in vehicles, as mentioned below: 3 Locking Differentials Locking differential also creates different RPM on both wheels in a normal corner. However, it enables a vehicle to transfer the entire torque to both wheels if one of them lacks traction. Springs and clutches used in its system lock the differential system (by tightening small gear), and as a result, both wheels get similar power and keep on rotating on their shafts. The vehicle easily moves out even after one wheel gets zero traction as its other wheel functions properly. This differential is ideal for off-road vehicles. 4 Torque Vectoring Differential It is the most advanced and technology-based differential in automobiles. The torque-vectoring differential manages the power distribution electronically. Sensors used in this differential detect and assess throttle position, road surface, steering system, etc. After properly understanding, it distributes the torque precisely on left and right wheels with the help of controllers and small clutches. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

51. Functions of Differential The function of differential: 1 To transmit the power from the propeller shaft at the right angle to the axle shafts for moving the  wheel. 2 To differentiate the speed of two rear wheels when the vehicle makes a turn, i.e. the outer wheel has to travel more distance than the inner wheel or the outer wheel has to run faster than the inner wheel. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

52. Differential of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

53. Differential of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

54. Differential of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

55. Rear axle of automobile Rear axles , as you may have guessed, are located at the back of your vehicle. Most rear axles are live, meaning that they are responsible for transmitting power to the driving wheels. A driveshaft is connected to your engine and turns the rear axle, thus rotating the car's wheels. What is rear axle and its types? Depending upon the methods of supporting the rear axles and mounting the rear wheels, the three types of rear axles are as follows: Semi-floating axle. Full-floating axle. Three-quarter floating axle. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

56. Rear axle of automobile Types of Rear Axle 1 Semi-Floating Axle : This rear axle connects the wheel to the flange on the exterior of the axle shaft and holds it securely. 2 Full-Floating Axle : True to its name, this axle type effectively floats in place and maintains its position, thanks to two bearings. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

57. Rear axle of automobile Where is the front and rear axle of a car ? The front axle, which is located in the front, can be either live or dead. A live front axle can help move the wheels and support steering while managing shocks from any rough terrain. The rear axle is located in the rear of the car as the name suggests and is typically live, helping move the wheels forward. How do I identify a rear axle ? This stamped number can usually be found on the righthand side or on the longer axletube on the same side of the tube as the differential cover, facing the rear of the truck. The number can be used to identify the axle, the year of manufacture, and the model vehicle the axle originally came from. www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

58. Rear axle of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

59. Rear axle of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

60. Rear axle of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

61. Rear axle of automobile www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering

62. THANK YOU www.cambridge.edu.in Department of Mechanical Engineering