MDC ethics presentation (1).pptxbhjnk,.k

Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches include normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics.

Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act. Applied ethics examines concrete ethical problems in real-life situations, such as abortion, treatment of animals, and business practices. Metaethics explores the underlying assumptions and concepts of ethics. It asks whether there are objective moral facts, how moral knowledge is possible, and how moral judgments motivate people. Influential normative theories are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. According to consequentialists, an act is right if it leads to the best consequences. Deontologists focus on acts themselves, saying that they must adhere to duties, like telling the truth and keeping promises. Virtue ethics sees the manifestation of virtues, like courage and compassion, as the fundamental principle of morality.

Ethics is closely connected to value theory, which studies the nature and types of value, like the contrast between intrinsic and instrumental value. Moral psychology is a related empirical field and investigates psychological processes involved in morality, such as reasoning and the formation of character. Descriptive ethics describes the dominant moral codes and beliefs in different societies and considers their historical dimension.

The history of ethics started in the ancient period with the development of ethical principles and theories in ancient Egypt, India, China, and Greece. This period saw the emergence of ethical teachings associated with Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, and contributions of philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle. During the medieval period, ethical thought was strongly influenced by religious teachings. In the modern period, this focus shifted to a more secular approach concerned with moral experience, reasons for acting, and the consequences of actions. An influential development in the 20th century was the emergence of metaethics.

Definition
Bust of Aristotle
According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics.[1]
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions. It examines what obligations people have, what behavior is right and wrong, and how to lead a good life. Some of its key questions are "How should one live?" and "What gives meaning to life?".[2] In contemporary philosophy, ethics is usually divided into normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics.[3]

Morality is about what people ought to do rather than what they actually do, what they want to do, or what social conventio

1. PRINCIPLE OF ETHICS

2. Morals An individual’s own code for acceptable behavior They arise from an individual’s conscience They act as a guide for individual behavior They are Learned

3. Ethics Ethics deals with the “rightness” or “wrongness” of human behavior Concerned with the motivation behind the behavior Bioethics is the application of these principles to life-and-death issues

4. Ethical Principles Main principles- Autonomy Nonmaleficence Beneficence Justice Other principles- Fidelity Confidentiality Veracity Accountability Informed consent

5. Autonomy The freedom to make decisions about oneself The right to self-determination Healthcare providers need to respect patient’s rights to make choices about healthcare, even if the healthcare providers do not agree with the patient’s decision.

6. Nonmaleficence Requires that no harm be caused to an individual, either unintentionally or deliberately This principle requires nurses to protect individuals who are unable to protect themselves

7. Beneficence This principle means “doing good” for others Nurses need to assist clients in meeting all their needs Biological Psychological Social

8. Justice Every individual must be treated equally This requires nurses to be nonjudgmental

9. Fidelity Loyalty The promise to fulfill all commitments The basis of accountability Includes the professionals faithfulness or loyalty to agreements & responsibilities accepted as part of the practice of the profession

10. Confidentiality Anything stated to nurses or health-care providers by patients must remain confidential The only times this principle may be violated are: If patients may indicate harm to themselves or others If the patient gives permission for the information to be shared

11. Veracity This principle implies “truthfulness” Nurses need to be truthful to their clients Veracity is an important component of building trusting relationships

12. Accountability Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions Nurses are accountable to themselves and to their colleagues

13. INFORMED CONSENT Informed consent is a process of communication between you and your health care provider that often leads to agreement or permission for care, treatment, or services. Every patient has the right to get information and ask questions before procedures and treatments.