Meaning, context ,co text 2

Meaning, context and co-text

1. Content Meaning Context Co-text

2. What is meaning Meaning is always the meaning of something. Words have meaning, phrases have meaning and sentences have meaning as well as actions and deeds . W hat is meant by a word, text, concept, or action. “ T he word has several different meanings"

3. Types of meaning Conceptual meaning Connotative meaning A ffective meaning Collocative meaning Associative meaning Thematic meaning

4. Conceptual meaning 1. Conceptual Meaning(Denotative meaning ): The central factor or the core meaning in linguistic communication. The part of meaning of words, phrases or sentences that relate it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world. EX: Bird can be described as a flying, two legged, and egg laying creature, with feathers and wings.

5. Connotative Meaning: What an expression means over and above its purely conceptual content . The additional meaning that a word or a sentence has beyond its central meaning . Show people`s emotions and attitudes toward what a word or a phrase refers to. Example : Child= young human being. Affectionate, amusing, lovable, sweet, noisy…etc. It is also called Emotive meaning.

6. Affective Meaning : A meaning which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use . C onveyed through the conceptual or connotative content of the words used. Example: “I hate for it !”

7. Collocative Meaning: R aises in cases of multiple conceptual meanings, when one sense of a word forms part of our response to another sense. Conventionality of collocation between word and word, or word and meaning. Formed by people`s habit in using language in long term process. Eample : “Heavy smoker” not “Heavy writer” but “prolific writer”. (we cannot use the word heavy for both expressions)

8. Associative Meaning: T he total of all the possible meanings a person thinks of when hears a word. Paradise Heaven Beautiful life Love Grace…etc .

9. Thematic Meaning: Communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes the message, in terms of ordering, focus, and emphasis. Example : Passive vs. active Henry broke the window. The window was broken by Henry.

10. Context: The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence. The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood. Example: "the proposals need to be considered in the context of new European directives"

11. Factors An essential factor in the interpretation of utterances and expressions. The most important aspects of context are (1) Preceding and following utterances and/or expressions (‘co-text ’), (2) The immediate physical situation , (3) The wider situation, including social and power relations, and (4) Knowledge presumed shared between speaker and hearer

12. Types of context V erbal & non-verbal environment of speech, including 3 types: a . Linguistic context (co-text): b . Context of situation: non-verbal immediate environment of speech c . Context of culture: general , non-verbal permanent environment of speech including background cultural knowledge

13. Cotext : The text that surrounds the node, or word of interest, in a KWIC(key words in context)

14. Basic difference : Co-text is specifically the words surrounding something. Context is that, and more general information as well.

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