Means of communication

types of communication.

1. By nikita gupta MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

2. Simply speaking, communication means sharing of ideas in common. Communication can be defined as exchange of ideas, views, information, and facts etc. with two or more persons with an aim to develop understanding. Communication system refers to the channels by which exchange of ideas, information’s, news and views takes place between different individuals, groups and institutions. MEANING

3. The Postal Services are the oldest, cheapest and very popular means of communication. The postal network has been increasing since 1951. The postal network in India is the largest in the whole world with 1.5 lakh post offices. In these days special attention has been given to the rural, hilly and remote areas for expending postal network. The main aim of the postal department is to provide a post office within 3 kms of every village and a letter box in every village having 500 populations. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION ARE AS UNDER

4. Indian Telegraph is one of the oldest governments owned public utility organisation in the world. It was launched in 1851 and established link between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour . Prior to independence, it was used for military purposes only. The telegraph service helps the public in sending messages to distance places quickly. The Govt. has now added tele -printer, telex and fax services . TELEGRAPH

5. Telecommunication is the most important mode of communication. It establishes direct link between two parties located at different places and at any time. Telephone service was started in 1881 in India but in the last two decades, there has been tremendous growth in telecommunication sector. India has now the largest telecommunication network in Asia. The number of telephone connections has increased from 1.7 lakh in 1950-51 to 49.32 million in Oct. 2004, out of which 40.3 million are landline and a million are mobiles. In private sector 3.8 million are basic phones and 3.58 million are cellular phones. Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) for national dialing and International Subscriber Dealing (ISD) are made available to customers. Cellular phones are getting popular. Telephone service had been renamed as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in Oct. 2000. Telephone sendee for Mumbai and Delhi has been under Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). Telephone Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has been established to regulate tariff and competition in the telecommunication section. 4. Courier Services: Simply speaking, the courier services means the service TELECOMMUNICATION

6. Simply speaking, the courier services means the services rendered by private companies or firms for sending and delivery of letters, parcels and packets to the addressee. Courier services work as private mini post offices. They accept envelops, parcels and packets from the sender and charge commission and issue receipts certifying that the received article will be delivered to the addressee. These services are very popular and generally availed by big companies, institutions, banks and professionals including higher middle class people. COURIER SERVICE

7. It is the recent development in communication Messages are sent through Fax and E-mail throughout the world within minutes. a) Fax: It is an electronic method of sending recorded messages in the form of letters, handbills, statements and files etc. It can be used throughout the day and night from any comer of the globe. (b) E-mail: E-mail is the recent electronic media to send message. It is a way to communicate people all over the world throughout the day and night without waiting the receiver to wake up and making himself present. It can send messages to hundreds of people in a few minutes. It can also send files, photos or even video clips. 6. Internet Service: It is the latest mode of communication. We can get required ELECTRONIC METHOD

8. It is the latest mode of communication. We can get required information directly through computers by opening the site. The required information can be downloaded any time. We have to install an internet connection . 7. Radio and Television: These two are the source of information. They provide us the latest information in the shape of news and advertisements and also a source of entertainment for us. INTERNET,RADIO AND TELEVISION

9. Oral communication implies communication through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral communication is generally recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to build a rapport and trust. ORAL COMMUNICATION

10. There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is interpersonal. • There is no element of rigidity in oral communication. There is flexibility for allowing changes in the decisions previously taken. • The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus, decisions can be made quickly without any delay . • Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money and efforts. • Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The conflicts, disputes and many issues/differences can be put to an end by talking them over. MERITS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

11. • Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication is formal and very organized. • Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal and not as organized as written communication. • Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times. • Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady. • There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and may lack essentials. • It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the receivers/ audience. • Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as legal records except in investigation work. DEMERITS

12. PRINCIPLES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION The principles of oral communication are discussed below: Clear pronunciation:  Clear pronunciation of message sender in the main factor or oral communication. If it is not clear, the goal of the message may not be achieved. Preparation:  Before communicating orally the speaker should take preparation both physically are mentally. Unity and integration:  The unity an integration of the speech of the message sender is a must for successful oral communication. Precision:  Precision is needed to make oral communication effective. The meaning of the words must be specific. Natural voice:  The speaker’s must not be fluctuated at the time of oral communication. On the other hand artificial voice must be avoided. Planning:  Organized plan is a must for effective oral communication. The speaker should take proper plan for delivering speech. Simplicity:  The speaker should use simple an understandable words in oral communication. It should be easy and simple. Legality:  The speaker’s speech should be legal and logical at the time of oral communication. PRINCIPLE OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

13. Written communication has great significance in today’s business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came b CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD WRITTEN ABOUT COMMUNICATION Easy language: Easy language should be used in written communication. The sentences of written communication must be understandable to the reader. Structure: Definite structure must be followed in drafting any written document. Every written form has its own structure. Accurate and precise: A well written document must be accurate and precise. Written communication insists on greater accuracy and precision. Direct speech: Direct speech should be used in written communication. Indirect and passive sentences must be avoided. Paragraph design: A good written communication bears a paragraph design. Paragraphing is also important to clear communication.efore writing WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

14. • Easy to preserve: The documents of written communication are easy to preserve. Oral and non-verbal communication cannot be preserved. If it is needed, important information can be collected from the preserved documents. • Easy presentation of complex matter: Written communication is the best way to represent any complex matter easily and attractively . • Permanent record: The documents of written communication act as a permanent record. When it is needed, important information can be easily collected from the preserved documents . • Prevention of wastage of time and money: Written communication prevents the waste of money and time. Without meeting with each other the communicator and communicate can exchange their views . • Use as a reference: If it is needed, written communication can be used as future reference. • Delegation of authority: Written communication can help the MERITS

15. Expensive: Written communication is comparatively expensive. For this communication paper, pen, ink, typewriter, computer and a large number of employees are needed • Time consuming: Written communication takes time to communicate with others. It is a time consuming media. It costs the valuable time of both the writer and the reader . • Red-Taoism: Red-Taoism is one of the most disadvantages of written communication. It means to take time for approval of a project • Useless for illiterate person: It messages receiver is illiteLack of flexibility: Since writing documents cannot be changed easily at any time . Lack of flexibility is one of the most important limitations of written communication. • Delay in response: It takes much time to get a response from the message receiver; prompt response is not possible in case of written communication that is possible in oral communication . • Delay in decision making: Written communication takes much time to communicate with all the parties concerned. So the decision maker cannot take decisions quickly.rate , written communication is quite impossible DEMERITS

16. Definition: The Non-Verbal Communication is the process of conveying meaning without the use of words either written or spoken. In other words, any communication made between two or more persons through the use of facial expressions, hand movements, body language, postures, and gestures is called as non-verbal communication. Types of Nonverbal Communication Judee Burgoon (1994) has identified seven different nonverbal 1. Kinesics or body movements including facial expressions and eye contact ; 2. Vocalics or paralanguage that includes volume, rate, pitch, and timbre; 3 . Personal appearance; 4 . Our physical environment and the artifacts or objects that compose it ; 5. Proxemics or personal space; 6 . Haptics or touch . 7. Chronemics or time. To this list, we would add signs Non verbal communication

17. 1. Complementary: Non-verbal cues complement a verbal message by adding to its meaning. You can pat someone you offended at the back as you say sorry to him or her. 2 . Easy presentation: Information can be easily presented in non-verbal communication through using visual, audio-visual and silent means of non-verbal communication. 3 . Substituting: Non-verbal message may substitute for the verbal message especially if it is blocked by noise, interruption, long distance etc. for example: gestures-finger to lips to indicate need for quite, facial expressions- a nod instead of a yes . 4. Accenting: Often used to accent a verbal message. Verbal tone indicates the actual meaning of the specific words . 5. Repeat: Used to repeat the verbal message (e.g. point in a direction while stating directions .) 6. Help to illiterate people: This type of communication use gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, proximity, touching etc. and without using any spoken or written word. Merits

18. 1. Vague and imprecise: Non-verbal communication is quite vague and imprecise. Since in this communication there is no use of words or language which expresses clear meaning to the receiver. No dictionary can accurately classify them. Their meaning varies not only by culture and context but by degree of intension . 2. Continuous: It is possible to stop talking in verbal communication, but it is generally not possible to stop nonverbal cues. Also, spoken language has a structure that makes it easier to tell when a subject has changed, for instance or to analyze its grammar. Nonverbal does not lend itself to this kind of analysis. 3 . Multi-channel: while watching someone’s eyes, you may miss something significant in a hand gesture. Everything is happening at once and therefore it may be confusing to try to keep up with everything. Most of us simply do not do so, at least not consciously . 4. Culture-bound: Non-verbal communication is learnt in childhood, passed on to you by your parents and others with whom you associate demerits

19. "Signs or emblems include all of those gestures that supplant words, numbers, and punctuation marks. Symbolic communications are the things that we have given meaning to and that represent a certain idea we have in place, for example, the American flag is a symbol that represent freedom for the Americans themselves, or imperialism and evil for some other Symbolic communication

20. Some symbols are universal and easy to understand. They are popular and convey the same message in almost all cultures. A heart signifies love. A dove with a twig in its beak, or a white flag, indicates peace or surrender. Logos are strikingly effective. Private companies spend time, money and effort developing logos that symbolize them and are memorable and meaningful. If you surf the Internet, you will find sites that challenge you to identify some common and not-so-commonly known logos. Logos are recognized by children before they begin to read, as advertisers know; and logos are also widely copied, sometimes with minimal changes to trap the unwary and often illiterate consumer.