Mechanically Stabilization Earth

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, Bridge Abutments, Seawalls, and Dikes.

1. Stability analysis of Mechanically Stabilized Earth by incorporating reinforcement in MSE

2. CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS MSE ? Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, Bridge Abutments, Seawalls, and Dikes. Although the basic principles of MSE have been used throughout history, MSE was developed in its current form in the 1960s. The reinforcing elements used can vary but include steel and geosynthetics.

4. ABSTRACT Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, Bridge Abutments, Seawalls, and Dikes.MSE walls stabilize unstable slopes and retain the soil on steep slopes and under crest loads. The wall face is often of precast, segmental blocks, panels or geocells that can tolerate some differential movement.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW Peter Anderson and Keith Brabant Have presented Increased Use of MSE Abutments. In this paper they first explain basic mechanism of Reinforced Earth which was well understood by Vidal. Prof. V. S. Chandrasekaran ; has presented Mechanics of Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls. In this paper mainly fundamental design aspects for reinforced earth retaining walls are covered. Here it is point out to need for undertake analytical and experimental studies under static and seismic condition on parallel walls containing soil backfill.

6. J. E. Sankey and P. Segration ; have presented Evolution of Seismic Performance in Mechanically Stabilized Structures. In this paper they discuss the performance of MSEW after the earthquake in Northridge, Kobeand Izmit . R. A. Bloomfield, A. F. Soliman and A. Abraham; have presented Performance of MSE Wall over Compressible Soil. This paper covers Two – Stage Wall System for constructing the MSE wall. Abu- Hejleh , Hearn, McMullen and Zornberg N (2003); have presented MSE Wall with Independent Full-Height Facing Panels. In this paper they give information about MSE wall with independent full height facing which was constructed by CDOT in 1996 P. Jagannatha Rao (1998); has presented Design, Construction and Monitoring of Reinforced Earth Walls. This paper deals with case histories of two reinforced earth retaining walls forming part of flyovers in New Delhi.

7. Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls are widely used in bridge ends nationwide. By placing tensile reinforcing elements (inclusions) in the soil, the strength of the soil can be improved significantly such that the vertical face of the soil/reinforcement system is essentially self supporting. The use of a facing system to prevent soil ravelling between the reinforcing elements allows very steep slopes and vertical walls to be constructed safely. PROBLEM STATEMENT

8. Bridge Abutments filling

9. OBJECTIVES The structural objective is to hold the soil or sand between the reinforcement layers Structural Tolerance to Foundation Settlement Performance under seismic loading events Wide range of possible facing types, colors, and textures. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls consist of facing elements, soil mass and reinforcement combined to form a composite solid structure

10. Placement and compaction of reinforced wall fill on the subgrade to the level of the first layer of reinforcement and its compaction . Placement of the first layer of reinforcing elements on the wall fill. Placement of the wall fill over the reinforcing elements to the level of the next reinforcement layer and compaction of the wall fill.

11. Materials Properties Sand Red soil

12. www.concrete-pipe.org Properties of sand Porosity: Porosity also known as permeability is the most important property of the moulding sand. Cohesiveness: Cohesiveness is the property of sand to hold its particles together. Adhesiveness. Plasticity. Flow-Ability. Collapsibility Refractoriness  

13. Properties of red soil Seen mainly in low rainfall area. Also known as Omnibus group. Porous, friable structure. Absence of lime, kankar (impure calcium carbonate). Deficient in: lime, phosphate, manganese, nitrogen, humus and potash. Colour :  Red  because of Ferric oxide. Texture: Sandy to  clay  and loamy

14. Advantages of MSE Flexibility to accommodate high differential settlement and several feet of total settlement. Bearing pressure is distributed over a wide foundation area. Extreme wall heights can be achieved. Extreme loads can be carried (bridge abutment footings, cranes) High resistance to seismic and other dynamic forces Free-draining, due to granular backfill and open panel joints Form liners or elaborate murals can customize the aesthetics Rapid, predictable, and repetitive construction Superior finished wall alignment

15. Disadvantages of MSE Require a relatively large space behind the wall or outward face to obtain enough wall width for internal and external stability. MSEW require select granular fill. (At sites where there is a lack of granular soils, the cost of importing suitable fill material may render the system uneconomical). Requirements for RSS are typically less restrictive. Suitable design criteria are required to address corrosion of steel reinforcing elements, deterioration of certain types of exposed facing elements such as geosynthetics by ultra violet rays, and potential degradation of polymer reinforcement in the ground. Since design and construction practice of all reinforced systems are still evolving, specifications and contracting practices have not been fully standardized, especially for RSS. The design of soil-reinforced systems often requires a shared design responsibility between material suppliers and owners and greater input from agencies geotechnical specialists in a domain often dominated by structural engineers

16. MSE Wall Applications

17. For example :- MSE wall at NH-16 At Vijayawada

18. Construction process Preparation of Wooden Mould The wooden mould which we prepared for the use of stability test or load tests are to be doing on materials like sand, soil & mixture of sand and soil. The dimensions of the cube are 150cm*150cm*150cm respectively.

19. www.concrete-pipe.org Sand sample and fill it in prepared wooden mould. While filling compact the sand in 3 layers in the cube with reinforcement like cloth, polythene sheet & iron mess.

20. Analysis of Sand The weight of sand sample taken is = 6kgs The amount water content added is = 5% The amount of water added to sand is about 300ml The specific gravity of sand is about = 2.65

21. After the preparation of sand cube in the wooden mould then take it out and applying load on it. The load resisted by that sand cube is our result the variation of load resisting according to reinforcement used in the cube filling of sand like cloth, polythene sheet & iron mess in 1,2&3 layers of reinforcement. Materials used Load resisted up to kgs Only sand cube Load resisted up to 4 kgs Sand + cloth as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 6 kgs Sand + cloth as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 15 kgs Sand + cloth as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 24 kgs Sand + polythene as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 8 kgs Sand + polythene as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 18 kgs Sand + polythene as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 25 kgs Sand + iron mess as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 32 kgs Sand + iron mess as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 45 kgs Sand + iron mess as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 60 kgs

22. www.concrete-pipe.org Soil sample and fill it in prepared wooden mould. While filling compact the soil in 3 Equal layers in the cube with reinforcement like cloth, polythene sheet& iron mess.

23. Analysis of Red Soil The weight of soil sample taken is = 6 kgs The amount water content added is = 5% The amount of water added to soil is about 300ml The specific gravity of soil is about = 2.52

24. After the preparation of soil cube in the wooden mould then take it out and applying load on it. The load resisted by that soil cube is our result the variation of load resisting according to reinforcement used in the cube filling of soil like cloth, polythene sheet & iron mess in 1,2&3 layers of reinforcement. Materials used Load resisted up to kgs Only soil cube Load resisted up to 32 kgs Soil + cloth as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 40 kgs Soil + cloth as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 42 kgs Soil + cloth as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 48 kgs Soil + polythene as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 38 kgs Soil + polythene as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 40 kgs Soil + polythene as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 48 kgs Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 34 kgs Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 50 kgs Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 70 kgs

25. Analysis of mixture of Sand & Red Soil The weight of mixture of sand & redsoil sample taken is = 6kgs The weight of soil is = 3 kgs The weight of sand is = 3 kgs The amount water content added is = 5% The amount of water added to mixture of sand and soil is about = 300ml The specific gravity of soil is about = 2.52

26. www.concrete-pipe.org Mixture of sand and red soil cube and fill it in prepared wooden mould. While filling compact the soil in 3 Equal layers in the cube with reinforcement like cloth, polythene sheet& iron mess.

27. After the preparation of mixture of sand and Red soil cube in the wooden mould then take it out and applying load on it. The load resisted by that mixture of sand and soil cube is our result the variation of load resisting according to reinforcement used in the cube filling of soil like cloth, polythene sheet & iron mess in 1,2&3 layers of reinforcement. Materials used Load resisted up to kgs Only mixture of Sand + soil cube Load resisted up to 16 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + cloth as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 22 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + cloth as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 32 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + cloth as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 46 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + polythene as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 40 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + polythene as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 55 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + polythene as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 60 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 1 layer Load resisted up to 44 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 2 layer Load resisted up to 58 kgs Mixture of Sand + Soil + iron mess as reinforcement 3 layer Load resisted up to 73 kgs

28. Conclusion   In this research, a Wooden box was designed and constructed to be able to create a cube of Material for load bearing test. We have used different types of materials in different layers of reinforcement as in Table1to3.We observed the increasing load bearing capacity of fill materials up on introduction of reinforce materials in layers from 1 to 3 in equally. We also observed mixture of sand and soil in Table 3 is having furthermore strength rather than using of individual materials in Table 1&2 sand and soil respectively. Hence bearing capacity of the materials can be increased by this method of MSE as per required parameters based on the bearing capacity and compaction factor required for construction. Appropriate Lab tests to be conducted on available materials and mixture of different materials prior to execution. conclusion

29. Conclusion   Mechanically Stabilized Earth Structures" Archived from  the original  on December 16, 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-27. ^   "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Inspector's Handbook"  (PDF).  Florida Department of Transportation . Retrieved 2007-01-27. ^   Ling, Hoe I.; Mohri , Yoshiyuki; Leshchinsky , Dov ; Burke, Christopher; Matsushima, Kenichi; Liu, Huabei (2005).  "Large-Scale Shaking Table Tests on Modular-Block Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls"  (PDF). Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering.  131  (4): 465–476.  doi : 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:4(465) .  ISSN   1090-0241 . ^   Leshchinsky , D. (2009).  "Research and Innovation: Seismic Performance of Various Geocell Earth-retention Systems"  (PDF).  Geosysnthetics .  27  (4): 46–52.  ISSN   0882-4983 . ^   "Yellow Jacket Brochure" , Foundation Technologies, Inc., retrieved 2017-04-28 ^ "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls And Reinforced Soil Slopes: Design & Construction Guidelines"  (PDF).  FHWA . March 2001. Retrieved 2007-08-27. ^   Jones, Colin J F P (2013).  Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures . Elsevier. p. 379.  ISBN   978-1-4831-0446-1 . References

30. Conclusion APPENDIX Work Progress

31. Conclusion

32. Conclusion

33. Conclusion

34. Conclusion

35. THE END THANK Q