Mechatronics System for different function and controller design

Mechatronics System for different function and controller design

1. ME407 MECHATRONICS
SUKESH O P
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
JECC
7/19/2024
1SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

2. ME407 MECHATRONICS
Course Objectives:
To introduce the features of various sensors used in CNC machines and
robots
To study the fabrication and functioning of MEMS pressure and inertial
sensors
To enable development of hydraulic/pneumatic circuit and PLC
programs for simple applications
7/19/2024
2
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

3. Expected outcome:
The students will be able to
i. Know the mechanical systems used in mechatronics ii. Integrate
mechanical, electronics, control and computer engineering in the
design of mechatronics systems
ME407 MECHATRONICS
7/19/2024
3
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

4. Expected outcome:
The students will be able to
i. Know the mechanical systems used in mechatronics ii. Integrate
mechanical, electronics, control and computer engineering in the
design of mechatronics systems
ME407 MECHATRONICS
7/19/2024
4
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

5. SYLLABUS
IntroductiontoMechatronics,sensors,Actuators,MicroElectro
MechanicalSystems(MEMS),MechatronicsinComputerNumerical
Control(CNC)machines,MechatronicsinRobotics-Electricaldrives,
Forceandtactilesensors,Imageprocessingtechniques,Casestudies
ofMechatronicssystems.
7/19/2024
5
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

6. MODULE-II
Actuators:HydraulicandPneumaticactuators-Directionalcontrol
valves,pressurecontrolvalves,processcontrolvalves.Rotary
actuators.Developmentofsimplehydraulicandpneumaticcircuits
usingstandardSymbols.
7/19/2024
6
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

7. MODULE-II
Actuators:HydraulicandPneumaticactuators
7/19/2024
7
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

8. WHAT IS AN ACTUATOR?
Actuatorsaredevicesusedtoproduceactionormotion.
Input(mainly electrical signal , air, fluids)
Electrical signal can be low power or high power.
Actuators output can be position or rate i.e. linear displacement or vel
ocity.
Actuation can be from few microns to few meters
7/19/2024
8
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

9. FLOW DIAGRAM OF AN
ACTUATOR
7/19/2024
9
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

10. TYPES OF ACTUATORS
Hydraulic Actuators
Pneumatic actuators
Mechanical Actuators
Electrical Actuators
Linear actuator: solenoid, Hydraulic/Pneumatic.
Rotary actuator: motor, Hydraulic/Pneumatic.
7/19/2024
10
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

11. Deviceswhichcanbeconsideredtobemotionconvertersinthat
theytransformmotionfromoneformtosomeotherrequired
form.
Eg:Transformlinearmotionintorotationalmotionandviceversa.
Mechanicalelementscanincludetheuseoflinkages,cams,gears,
rack-and-pinion,chains,beltdrives,etc.
Eg:rack-and-pinioncanbeusedtoconvertrotationalmotiontolinear
motion.
Manyoftheactionswhichpreviouslywereobtainedbytheuseof
mechanismare,however,oftennowadaysbeingobtained,asa
resultofamechatronicsapproachbytheuseofmicroprocessor
systems.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

12. Mechanismsstill,however,havearoleinmechatronicssystems.
Forexample,themechatronicssysteminuseinanautomatic
cameraforadjustingtheapertureforcorrectexposuresinvolvesa
mechanismforadjustingthesizeofdiaphragm.
Othersfunction:
Forceamplification–givenbylevers.
Changeofspeed–givenbygears.
Transferofrotationaboutoneaxistorotationaboutanother–timingbelt.
Thetermkinematicsisusedforthestudyofmotionwithout
regardtoforces.Whenweconsiderjustthemotionswithoutany
considerationoftheforcesorenergyinvolvedthenweare
carryingoutakinematicanalysisofthemechanism.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

13. Translation motion Rotational motion
Movement which can be
resolved into components
along one or more of the 3
axes.
Rotation which has
components rotating about
one or more of the axes.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

14. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

15. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

16. Eachpartofamechanismwhichhasmotionrelativetosome
otherpartistermedalink.
Arigidbodywhichhastwoormorepointsofattachmenttoother
linksistermednodes.
Eachlinkiscapableofmovingrelativetoitsneighboringlinks.
Ajointisaconnectionbetweentheconnectedlinksattheirnodes
andwhichallowssomemotionbetweentheconnectedlinks.
Levers,cranks,connectingrodsandpistons,sliders,pulleys,belts
andshaftsareallexamplesoflinks.
(a) with two
nodes
(c) with four nodes(b) with three
nodes
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

17. Asequenceofjointsandlinksis
knownaskinematicchain.
Forakinematicchaintotransmit
motion,onelinkmustbefixed.
Movementofonelinkwillthen
producepredictablerelative
movementsoftheothers.
Itispossibletoobtainfromone
kinematicchainanumberof
differentmechanismsbyhavinga
differentlinkasthefixedone.
Thedesignofmanymechanisms
arebasedontwobasicformsof
kinematicchains,thefour-bar
chainandtheslider-crankchain. Thereciprocatingmotionofapiston
istransformedintorotationalmotion
ofacrankshaftonbearingsmounted
inafixedframe.
Slider
Crankshaft
Connectin
g rod
Fixed
frame
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

18. Double-lever mechanismLever-crank mechanismDouble-crank mechanism
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

19. Cine film advance mechanism
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

20. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

21. The position sequence for the
links in a slider-crank
mechanism
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

22. Camisabodywhichrotatesoroscillatesandindoingsoimpartsa
reciprocatingmotiontoasecondbodycalledfollower,withwhich
itisincontact.
Thelengthoftimesspentfortherotationisdependingonthe
shapeofthecam.
Partthatlowersthe
follower,itsprofile
determining how
quicklythecam
followerwillfall.
Partthatallowsthe
followertoremainat
thesameleverfora
significantperiodof
timeandwhereits
circularwitharadius
thatdoesnotchange.
Partthatdrivesthe
followerupwards,its
profiledetermining
howquicklythecam
followerwilllifted.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

23. Thecamshaperequiredtoproduceaparticularmotionofthe
followerwilldependontheshapeofthecamandthetypeof
followerused.
Displacement diagram for an eccentric camSUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

24. Figurebelowshowsthetypesoffollowerdisplacementdiagrams
thatcanbeproducedwithtwootherdifferentshapedcamsand
eitherpointorknifefollowers.
Heart
shape
Pear
shape
(constant rate,
uniform speed)
(rise and fall
symmetrically)
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

25. Figurebelowshowsanumberofexamplesofdifferenttypesof
camfollowers.
Point
Roller
Knife
Lowerfrictionthan
slidingcontactbut
can be more
expensive
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

26. Figurebelowshowsanumberofexamplesofdifferenttypesof
camfollowers.
Often used
because –
cheaperandcan
bemadesmaller
than roller
follower.
Sliding and oscillating Flat Mushroom
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

27. Geartrainsaremechanismswhichareverywidelyusedto
transferandtransformrotationalmotion.Theyareusedwhena
changeinspeedortorqueofarotatingdeviceisneeded.For
example,thecargearboxenablesthedrivertomatchthespeed
andtorquerequirementsoftheterrainwiththeenginepower
available.
(a) Parallel gear axes, (b) axes inclined to one another, (c) axial
teeth, (d) helical teeth, (e) double helical teeth
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

28. Twomeshedgears.
Gearratio,
ωA= number of teeth on B= dB
ωB number of teeth on A dA
Angular velocity
Diameter
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

29. G = ωA= ωAωB
ωC ωB ωC
x
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

30. Compoundgearstrains–twowheelsaremountedonacommon
shaft.
Ratiooftheangularvelocities,
Fortheinputandoutputshaftstobeinline,wemustalsohaveforthe
radiiofthegears.
G = ωA= ωAωB ωC= ωA ωC
ωD ωB ωC ωD ωB ωDxx x
rA + rB = rD + rC
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

31. v = nL / t = fL
Time
Distance moved parallel to the screw axis
Revolution
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

32. Pairofrollingcylinderswiththemotionofonecylinderbeingtransferredto
theotherbyabelt.
Beltdrivesusethefrictionthatdevelopsbetweenthepulleysattachedto
theshaftandthebeltaroundthearcofcontactinordertotransmita
torque.
Thetransmittedtorqueisduetothedifferencesintensionthatoccurinthe
beltduringoperation.Thisdifferenceresultsinatightsideandaslackside
forthebelt.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

33. IfthetensiononthetightsideisT1,andaslacksideisT2,thenwithpulley
Aasadriver,
PulleyBasadriver,
Sincethepowertransmittedistheproduceofthetorqueandtheangular
velocity,andsincetheangularvelocityisv/rAforpulleyAandv/rBfor
pulleyB,thenforeitherpulleywehave
Torque on A = (T1 –T2) rA
Power = (T1 –
T2) v
Torque on B = (T1 –T2) rB
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

34. Asamethodoftransmittingpowerbetweentwoshafts,beltdriveshave
theadvantagethatthelengthofthebeltcaneasilybeadjustedtosuita
widerangeofshafttoshaftdistanceandthesystemisautomatically
protectedagainstoverloadbecauseslippingoccursiftheloadingexceeds
themaximumtensionthatcanbesustainedbyfrictionalforces.
Ifthedistancebetweenshaftsislarge,abeltdriveismoresuitablethan
gears,butoversmalldistancesgearsaretobepreferred.
Differentsizepulleyscanbeusedtogiveagearingeffect.However,the
gearratioislimitedtoabout3becauseoftheneedtomaintainan
adequatearcofcontactbetweenthebeltandpulleys.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

35. Figurebelowshowstwotypesofreversingdrives.
Withbothformsofdrive,bothsideofthebeltcomesintocontactwiththe
wheelsandsoV-beltsortimingbeltscannotbeused.
Cross belt
Open belt
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

36. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

37. V
V–beltsareusedwithgroovedpulleysandarelessefficientthatflatbelts
butanumberofthemcanbeusedonasinglewheelandsogivemultiple
drive.
Timing.
Requiretoothedwheels,havingteethwhichfitintothegroovesonthe
wheel.
Unliketheotherbelts,timingbeltdoesnotstretchorslipandconsequently
transmitspowerataconstantangularvelocityratio.
Theteethmakeitpossibleforthebelttoberunatsloworfastspeeds.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

38. Wheneverthereisrelativemotionofonesurfaceincontactwithanother,
eitherbyrotatingorsliding,theresultingfrictionalforcesgenerateheat
whichwastesenergyandresultsinwear.
Thefunctionofbearingistoguidewithminimumfrictionandmaximum
accuracythemovementofonepartrelativetoanother.
Givesuitablesupporttorotatingshaft.
Thetermthrustbearingisusedforbearingsthataredesignedtowithstand
forcesalongtheaxisofashaftwhentherelativemotionisprimarily
rotation.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

39. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

40. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

41. a)Deep-groove
b)Filling-slot
c)Angular contact
d) double-row
e) Self-aligning
e) Thrust, grooved
race
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

42. a)Straight roller
b)Taper roller
c)Needle roller
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

43. Electrical Actuators
7/19/2024
43
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
An actuator receiving electrical energy for motion is called
an electrical actuator.
1.Switching devices
1.Mechanical switches
1.Solenoids
2.Relays
2.Solid state switches
1.Diodes
2.Tyristors
3.Transistors
2.Drive system
1.DC motors
2.AC motors
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

44. Hydraulics and Pneumatics
7/19/2024
44
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

45. Hydraulics
Anactuatorwhereinhydraulicenergyisusedtoimpartmotionis
calledanhydraulicactuator.
Hydraulicsystemsarepower-transmittingassembliesemploying
p r e s s u r i z e dl i q u i das af l u i d
fortransmittingenergyfromanenergy-generatingsourcetoan
energy-using point to
accomplishusefulwork.
7/19/2024
45
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

46. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
ThebasicruleofusinghydraulicpowerisPascal'sPrinciple.
Pascal's Principle: pressure exerted on a fluid is distributed
equally throughout the fluid.
7/19/2024
46
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
Hydraulics uses incompresible liquids so the applied pressure from one end
(small arrow) is equal to the desired pressure on the other end (big arrow).
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

47. Hydraulics
1.Hydraulicpumpunit:inanactualhydraulicsystemapumpconverts
mechanicalpowerintofluidpower.
2.Controlvalve:theflowofpressurizedliquiddischargebythepumpis
controlledbyvalves.
Pressurecontrolvalves-controltheliquidpressure.
Flowcontrolvalves:controltheliquidflowrate.
Directionalcontrolvalve:controlthedirectionofflowoftheliquid.
7/19/2024
47
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

48. Hydraulics
3.hydraulicmotor/cylinder
Theliquiddischargedbythepumpisdirectedtohydraulicmotorsor
cylindersbycontrolvalves.
Motorsareusedwhererotorymotionisdesiredandcylindersare
usedwherelinearmotionisnecessary.
7/19/2024
48
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

49. HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR
7/19/2024SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
49
Hydraulic systems are used to control & transmit power.
•A pump driven by prime mover (electric motor) creates flow of fluid
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

50. Hydraulic system
7/19/2024SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
50
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

51. 7/19/2024SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
51
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

52. Functions of the components
1.Thehydraulicactuatorisadeviceusedto
convertthefluidpowerintomechanical
powertodousefulwork.Theactuatormay
beofthelineartype(e.g.,hydraulic
cylinder)orrotarytype(e.g.,hydraulicmotor)
toprovidelinearorrotarymotion,
respectively.
7/19/2024
52
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

53. Functions of the components
2.Thehydraulicpumpisusedtoforcethefluidfromthereservoirto
r e s t of t h e
hydrauliccircuitbyconvertingmechanicalenergyintohydraulic
energy.
3.Valvesareusedtocontrolthedirection,pressureandflowrateofa
f l u i d f l o w i n g
throughthecircuit.
4.Externalpowersupply(motor)isrequiredtodrivethepump.
5.Reservoirisusedtoholdthehydraulicliquid,usuallyhydraulicoil.
7/19/2024
53
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

54. Functions of the components
6.Pipingsystemcarriesthehydraulicoilfromoneplacetoanother.
7.Filtersareusedtoremoveanyforeignparticlessoaskeepthefluid
s y s t e m c l e a n a n d
efficient,aswellasavoiddamagetotheactuatorandvalves.
8.Pressureregulatorregulates(i.e.,maintains)therequiredlevelof
p r e s s u r e in t h e
hydraulicfluid.
7/19/2024
54
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

55. -Economic
-Reliable
-Resistant to overloads
-Able to support heavy loads
Hydraulic actuators
-Low working speed
-Hydraulic group noisy in operation
-Possible oil leakage
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

56. Pneumatics
Usespressurisedairtotransmitandcontrolpower.
Airisusedasthefluidbecause:-
Itissafe.
Itislessexpensiveandreadilyavailable
Itcanbeinductedandexhausteddirectlytotheatmosphereand
returnlineisnotnecessaryaswithhydraulics.
7/19/2024
56
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

57. Pneumatics System
7/19/2024
57
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

58. Functions of the components
7/19/2024SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
58
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

59. Functions of the components
7/19/2024
59
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
Pneumaticsystemsaresystemsalways
processingnewair(whereashydraulic
systemsareclosedsystemsalways
returningtheoil)
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

60. Pneumatic actuators (cylinders)
-Economic
-Reliable
-High operation speed
-Resistant to overloads
-Operation at constant force
-No speed control
-Poor position speed
-Noisy operation
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

61. Comparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic system
7/19/2024
61
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
S.
No.
HydraulicSystem PneumaticSystem
1.Itemploysapressurizedliquidasa
fluid
Itemploysacompressedgas,
usuallyair,asafluid
2.Anoilhydraulicsystemoperatesat
pressuresupto700bar
Apneumaticsystemusually
operatesat5–10bar
3.GenerallydesignedasclosedsystemUsuallydesignedasopensystem
4.Thesystemslowsdownwhenleakage
occurs
Leakagedoesnotaffectthesystem
much
5.Valveoperationsaredifficult Valveoperationsareeasy
6.Heavierinweight Lighterinweight
7.Pumpsareusedtoprovide
pressurizedliquids
Compressorsareusedtoprovide
compressedgases
8.ThesystemisunsafetofirehazardsThesystemisfreefromfire
hazards
9.Automaticlubricationisprovided Specialarrangementsfor
lubricationareneededSUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

62. HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR
7/19/2024
62
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

63. Linear Actuators -CYLINDERS
7/19/2024
63
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

64. Parts of linear actuator
Cylinder barrel Piston
Cylinder base or cap Piston rod
Cylinder head Rod gland
Other parts : Cylinder base connection -Seals-Cushions
7/19/2024SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018
64
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

65. 7/19/2024
65
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

66. 7/19/2024
66
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

67. Single acting cylinder
Inthecaseofasingleactingcylinder,onlythepistonsideispressurize
dwithhydraulicfluid.Thecylindercanthuscarryoutworkonlyinone
direction.
Thefluidwhichflowsintothepistonchambercausesapressuretobui
ldupthesurfaceofthepiston.
Thepistontravelsintoitsforwardendposition.Thereturnstrokeisef
fectedbyaspring,thedeadeightofthepistonrodoranexternalload
.
7/19/2024
67
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

68. 7/19/2024
68
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

69. PLUNGER TYPE SINGLE
ACTING CYLINDER
In the case of plunger cylinders, the piston and rod form a single comp
onent.
Due to the design of the cylinder, the return stroke can only be effecte
d by external forces.
The cylinders can therefore generally be installed only vertically.
7/19/2024
69
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

70. 7/19/2024
70
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

71. 7/19/2024
71
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

72. 7/19/2024
72
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

73. 7/19/2024
73
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

74. 7/19/2024
74
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

75. DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER
WITH
END POSITION CUSHIONING
Cylinderwithendpositioncushioningareusedtobrakehighstrokesp
eedssmoothlyandpreventhardimpactsattheendofthestroke.Sho
rtlybeforetheendpositionisreached,thecross-sectionfortheoutfl
owoffluidisreducedbythebuilt-incushioningpistonsandthenfinall
yclosed.Thehydraulicfluidisthenforcedtoescapethroughaflowco
ntrolvalve.
7/19/2024
75
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

76. 7/19/2024
76
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

77. 7/19/2024
77
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

78. Cylinder cushioning
7/19/2024
78
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

79. 7/19/2024
79
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

80. 7/19/2024
80
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

81. Through rod cylinder
7/19/2024
81
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

82. tandem cylinder
7/19/2024
82
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

83. ROTARY ACTUATORS
ASSIGNMENTQUESTION
HYDRAULICS&PNEUMATICS::
Gearmotor
Vanemotor
Pistonmotor
Turbinemotors
Gerotortypemotors
7/19/2024
83
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

84. Module-II
Directionalcontrolvalves,pressurecontrolvalves,process
controlvalves.
7/19/2024
84
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

85. Control valves
Fluidpoweriscontrolledprimarilythroughthe
useofcontroldevicescalledvalves.
Hydraulicandpneumaticsystemsrequire
controlvalvestodirectandregulatetheflowof
fluidandregulatetheflowoffluidfrompump(or
compressor)tohydrauliccylindersormotors.
1.Directioncontrolvalves
2.Pressurecontrolvalves
3.Processcontrolvalves(flow)
7/19/2024
85
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

86. Flow control valves
Thesevalvesareusedtocontrolthespeedo
fhydraulicactuatorbycontrollingtheflowrat
eordischarge
1.Needlevalve
2.Gateandglobevalve
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

87. 1. Needle valve
It is the most common hydraulic flow control de
vice.
It consists of a needle or pointed threaded ste
m that can be adjusted manually to control the
flow or discharge through the valve. It is made
of steel.
This valve can also be used as a stop valve to
prevent the flow of fluid from one part of the hy
draulic circuit to another.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

88. Needle valves
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

89. Globe valve
Inthisvalvetheflowareaislargerthanthatofanee
dlevalve.Henceglobevalvewillhavealargerflowc
apacityatalowerpressuredropthananeedlevalve
ofthesamesize.
Globevalveshavearounddisktocontrolorstop
thefluidflow.
Needlevalvesaresuitableforthrottlingi.e.,theflo
wareaisslowlyreducedasthevalveisclosed,grad
uallyreducingthequantityoffluidpassingthrought
hevalve.Buttheglobevalvesarenotsosuitablefor
throttlingfunction.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

90. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

91. Gate valve
Gate valves are not normally used as flow control v
alves. Most of the gate valves are used as stops to
shutoff fluid flow (or) to open the line to full flow.
Gate valves provides a opening with minimum pres
sure drop.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

92. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

93. Pressure control valves
These valves control the pressure of flow medium requir
ed by the system..
To regulate or reduce oil pressure in certain portions of
the circuit
to unload system pressure.
To limit maximum system pressure as a safety measure.
To assist sequential operation of actuators in a circuit b
y pressure control.
To perform any other pressure related functions by virt
ue of pressure control.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

94. Types
1.Pressure relief valve.
2.Pressure sequencing valve.
3.Pressure reducing or regulating valve.
4.Pressure unloading valve.
5.Pressure brake valve.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

95. 1. Pressure relief valves
These valves are found in every hydraulic system.
It is normally closed valve, connected between the
pressure line and the oil reservoir.
Its main purpose is to limit the presure in a system
to a prescribed maximum by diverting some or all
of the pump output to the tanks, when the desired
set pressure is reached.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

96. PRV
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

97. 2. Pressure sequencing valve
Sequence valve is used to direct the flow to more
than one portion of a fluid circuit in sequence.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

98. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

99. 3.Pressure reducing valve
Thistypeofvalvesarenormallyopenpressu
recontrolvalvesusedtomaintainreducedpr
essuresincertainportionsofthehydraulics
ystem.
Theseareactuatedbythepressuresensedi
nthebranchcircuitandtendtocloseasitre
achesthepressureofthevalvesettingpreve
ntingfurtherbuildupofpressure.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

100. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

101. 4. Pressure unloading valve
Thistypeofvalvesisusedtounloadtheenerg
yinasystemofalowerpressure.
Thisvalveallowspressuretobuilduptoanadj
ustablesettingandthenbypassestheflowasl
ongasaremotesourcemaintainsthepresetp
ressureonthepilotport.
Unloadingvalvesarenormallyusedindouble
pumpapplications.Whenthehighspeedand
moreflowarenotrequired.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

102. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

103. Direction control valves
The direction control valvea start, stop and control the di
rection of flow for reversing the direction of motion of th
e actuator.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

104. Dcv
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

105. 1. Check valve
Check valve is a one way valve because it permits fl
ow in only one direction and prevents any flow in t
he opposite direction.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

106. Pilot operated check valve
The pilot operated check valve always permits free
flow in one direction but permits flow in the norm
ally blocked opposite direction only if pilot pressur
e pushes the pilot piston sownward.

SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

107. 2. Poppet valve
It is a check valve that can be forced open to allow
reverse flow.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

108. 3. Spool valve
It consists of a cylindrical spool with multiple lobes
moving within a cylindrical casing containing multi
ple ports.
The spool can be moved back and fourth to align s
paces between the spool lobes with input and out
put ports in the housing to direct high pressure flo
w to different circuits in the system.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

109. Spool valve
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

110. 4. Shuttle valve
This is the another type of direction control valve.
It allows a system to operate from either of two flu
id power sources.
It is also known as a double check valve. It is mostl
y used in pneumatic device and is rarely used in h
ydraulic circuits.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

111. Shuttle valve
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

112. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

113. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

114. Two way valve
7/19/2024
114
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

115. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018
(Normally Closed)
(Normally opened)

116. Two-way two-position directional c
ontrol valve
Gate valve is example of 2W/2P directional control
valve which either turns on or off the flow in norm
al or working positions depending on need of appli
cation.
Here arrow indicates that fluid flow is taking place
whereas other position shows cut-off position.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

117. Three way valve
7/19/2024
117
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407-MR-2018

118. Three-Way Direction Control
3/2-Way DCV
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018
(Normally Closed)
(Normally opened)

119. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018
Four way valves

120. Four way valves
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

121. Four-way two-position directional c
ontrol valve
4/2 valve has four connections to it and two valve
positions. Normally, one port is open to flow from
the pump.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

122. Four-way three-position directional
control valve
It has one way for pump (P), one for reservoir (R) o
r tank (T) and two for the inlet to the actuator. And
it has 3 positions: one normal, one cross way, and
one straight way.
SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

123. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018
2POSITION , 2WAY DCV
SINGLE ACTING HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
CIRCUIT

124. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

125. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018
Three position, four way DCV
Double ACTING HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
CIRCUIT

126. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

127. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

128. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018

129. SUKESH O P/ APME/ME407 -MR-2018