Mediaval history Class 6 Later Mughal.pptx

Medieval History by Tuhin Sir

1. Later Mughals In 1707 AD : when Aurangzeb died ,a war of succession broke out among his 3 sons Muazzam (Governor of Kabul), Kam Baksh(Governor of Decan) & Azam Shah(Governor of Gujrat). Muazzam defeated & killed Azam in the Battle of Jajau & Kam Baksh in the Battle of Bijapur.Muazzam then declared himself as emperor & assumed the tittle Bahadur Shah-I Bahadur Shah-I(1707-12 AD) Original name : Muazzam Assumed title: Shah Alam I Epithet: Shah- i - Bekhabar ( by historian Khafi Khan) Released Shahu (Son of Sambhaji & grandson of Shivaji) from Mughal capitivity Made Guru Gobind Singh a Mansabdar The only military achievement of Bahadur Shah was the defeat of Banda Bahadur (the great Sikh leader after Guru Gobind Singh)in the Battle of Lohgarh Assumed the throne with the help of Wazir Zulfikar Khan 1 st Mughal ruler to be implemented by kingmaker ( Here kingmaker is :Zulfikar Khan 1 st Puppet Mughal ruler .He was puppet in hands of Lal Kunwar (a mistress) He abolished Jiziya tax for the 1 st time after the death of Aurangzeb He gave the title of “Maharaja” to Ajit Singh of Marwar and Mirza Raj Sawai to Jai Singh of Amber He granted the Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of the Deccan to Shahu  His reign came to an early end .He was defeated and killed by his nephew Farukhsiyar Jahandar Shah(1712-13 AD)

2. Farukhsiyar (1713-19 AD) Ascended the throne with the help of Sayyid brothers- Abdullah Khan & Hussain Ali Khan –Kingmakers during that time Abdullah Khan was the Wazir & Hussain Ali Khan was the Mir Bakshi Executed Banda Bahadur in 1716 AD In1717 AD: Issued Farukhsiyar Farman A delegation of EIC under John Surman visited India . Dr. Hamilton,a surgeon who was also part of this delegation ,treated Farukhsiyar . The emperor signed a Farman in 1717 AD to make English trade duty free in Bengal , Bihar & Orissa. This was called the magna carta for the company. Sayyid brothers with the help of Peshwa Balaji Biswanath killed Farukhsiyar Muhammad Shah (1719-48 AD) Real Name : Roshan Akhtar He was a pleasure loving king (A group of eunuchs & ladies dominated the administration ) & was Known as : Rangeela He was an expert Kathak dancer He finally ended Jiziya in 1720 AD (at the instance of Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur ) He killed Sayyid brothers in 1720 AD In his reign Nadir Shah(Persia) invaded India . Nadir Shah defeated him in the Battle of Karnal (1739 AD) & took away the Takht- i - taus (Peacock throne) & Kohinoor Diamond He was the last Mughal ruler to sit on the Peacock Throne During his tenure : Chin- Qulich -Khan became the 1 st independent Nizam of Hyderbad Murshid – Quli - Khan became the 1 st independent Nawab of Bengal Saadat Khan became the 1 st independent Nawab of Awadh

3. Sawai Jai Singh Rajput ruler of Amber (later called Jaipur) He was given the title Sawai by Aurangzeb Muhammad Shah bestowed upon hin the title of Sramad - i - Rajaha - i -Hind Constructed Jaipur city Wrote a book on astrology : Jiz Muhammad Shahi Built astronomical observatories called Jantar Mantar Five observatories were built at Delhi,Mathura,Banaras,Ujjain & Jaipur

4. Ahmad Shah (1748-54 AD) The wazir of Ahmad Shah was Safdarjung (2 nd Nawab of Awadh) The Afghan leader Ahmed Shah Abdali (also known as : Durr-iDurrani )1 st time invaded Delhi in 1748 AD during his reign Alamgir II (1754-59 AD) The Afghan leader Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded 4 times during his reign Battle of Plassey (1757 AD) fought during his reign Shah Alam II (1759-1806 AD) Real name : Ali Gauhar He was not allowed to enter Delhi for 12 Years Due to fear of his Wazir, he lived in exile for 12 years ( until 1772 AD) at the mercy of Nawab Shuja- ud -Daulah of Awadh During his absence the Rohilla leader Ghulam Qadir (Wazir of Delhi) exercised undisputed power at Delhi 3 rd Battle of Panipat happened during his reign Participated in Battle of Buxar in 1764 AD Signed Treaty of Allahabad with Governor of Bengal Robert Clive in 1765 AD He lived for several years at Allahabad as a British pensioner of EIC . He was the last sovereign Mughal emperor & became pensioner of EIC He regained the throne of Delhi with the help of Maratha leader Mahadji Schindia in 1772 AD He was known as the Blind Mughal Emperor as in 1788 AD ,he was ruthlessly blinded by Ghulam Qadir. He authored his own Diwan of pomes and was known by the pen name Aftab

5. Akbar II (1806-37 AD) He gave the title Raja to Rammohan Roy & sent him England to plead with the British to increase his pension Bahadur Shah II (1837-62 AD) Also known as : Bahadur Shah Zafar Last Mughal emperor of India Wife : Zeenat Mahal (called as Mahak Pari) Wrote Urdu poems under the pen name : Zafar Famous poet Mirza Ghalib & famous dancer Umrao Jaan was his contemporary He bestowed upon Mirza Ghalib the title of  Dabir - ul -Mulk He was proclaimed as the Emperor of India by the rebels of 1857 revolt  He was deported to Rangoon after the revolt, where he died in 1862 AD