MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS IN REDUCING SMOKING

Medicated chewing gums for reducing the habit of tobacco products.

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2. MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS - NOVEL TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY A . Divya sree intern

3. content s introduction Components of medicated chewing gums Manufacturing process Factors effecting release of active ingredient Therapeutic uses Merits and demerit Smoking cessation Oral candidiasis Other oro mucosal condition Saftey aspects conclusion

4. INTRODUCTIO N Medicated chewing chewing gums are solid,single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that is intended to be chewed but not swallowed They contain one or more active substances that are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth disease or systemic delivery after absorption through the buccal mucosa

5. COMPONENTS OF MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS CG is A mixture of natural or synthetic gums and resins , sweetened with sugar ,cornsyrup, artificial sweeteners , and may also contain Coloring agents and flavor Basic raw material for all chewing gum is natural gum chicle , obtained from the sapodilla tree Chicle is very expensive and difficult to produce therefore other natural gum or synthetic materials such as polyvinyl acetate and similar polymers are used as gum base

6. Typically CG consists of two parts water insoluble chewable gum base portion water soluble bulk portion >

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Different methods employed for the manufacturing of chewing gum can be broadly classified into three main classes namely 1 conventional/ traditional method ( melting) 2 freezing, grinding,and tableting method 3 direct compression method

8. FACTORS EFFECTING RELEASE OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT 1 . Contact time : The local or systemic effect is depent on time of MCG in oral cavity. In clinical trail chewing time of 30 minutes was considered close to ordinary use 2. Physicochemical properties of active ingredient: It plays very important role in release of drug from MCG. The saliva soluble ingredient will be immediately released with in few minutes, where lipid soluble drugs are released first into the gum base and release slowly

9. 3.inter individual variability: The chewing frequency and chewing intensity that effect the drug releases from MCG it may vary from person to person,60 cycles per minute chewing rate for proper release of active ingredient 4. Formulation factors: composition and amount of gum base affect rate of active ingredient. if lipophilic fraction of gum is increased , the release rate is decreased

10. THERAPEUTIC USES OF MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS The use of sugar free gum to counteract dental caries by stimulation of saliva secretion has lead to more widespread use and acceptance of gums ,it has been provided that chewing non – MCGs increase plaque pH, stimulates salivary flow , decrease decay Fluoride containing gums have been useful in preventing dental caries in children and in adults with xerostomia Medicated chewing gums containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for treatment of gingivitis and plaque have been available,MCGSs also used in treatment of oral infections

11. 4.For systemic effect in conditions such as vitamin C deficiency,pain and fever alertness, motion sickness,and for local effect in the condition such as fresh breath, disinfection, anticaries,antiplaque, antifungal 5 . Active substances such as chromium ,guaran,and caffeine to be effective in treatmenting obesity 6. Gums are available for smoking cessation

12. MERITS OF MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS Excellent for acute medication water is not required to take this medication.therfore, it can be taken anywhere,and hence ,high patient compliance it need not be swallowed.threfore ,it can be a boon for patient with dysphagia Helps preventing dry mouth candidiasis and caries ASPIRIN,DIMENHYDRATE and CAFFEINE shows faster absorption through MCGs than tablets

13. increase the bioavailability of drugs by avoiding first pass metabolism fast onset because of the rapid release of active ingredients in buccal cavity and subsequent absorption in systemic circulation highly acceptable by children Gives local effect

14. fast onset because of the rapid release of active ingredients in buccal cavity and subsequent absorption in systemic circulation gum do not reach the stomach.hence,gastro- intestinal tract , suffers less from the effect of excipients increase the rate of saliva secretion. Stimulated saliva has a buffering capacity.therefore , may help in reducing acidity of gastric fluid

15. Demerit of medicated chewing gums control over drug dosage is not sufficient Sorbitol present in MCG formulation, may cause flatulence and diarrhea additives in gum such as flavouring agent ,cinnamon can cause ulcers in oral cavity and licorice causes hypertension

16. CHX oro- mucosal application is limited to short- term use because of its unpleasant taste and staining properties to teeth and tongue CGs have been shown to adhere to different degrees to enamel ,dentures and fillers Prolong chewing on gum may result in pain in facial muscles and earache in children

17. Oral candidiasis Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic pathogen named Candida albicans Coventional avilable treatment for oral candidiasis include topical anti fungal AZOLES such as MICONAZOLE MCG with a combination of essential oils as active substances for the effective treatment of oral candidiasis

18. OTHER OROMUCOSAL LESIONS AND CONDITION Aloevera CGs to treat OROMUCOSAL lesion such as oral lichen planus,ulcers,and abscess caused by cancer chemotherapy and mucositis caused by radiotherapy Over use of the CGs can lead to pain in the masticatory muscles, and if overused for long period of time can lead to hypertrophy of the muscles MCGs like other drugs should be carefully taken under the supervision of the physician and kept away from reach of children

19. Conclusion MCGs not only offers clinical benefits but also is an attractive,discrete, and efficient drug delivery system CG is believed to manifest it's position as a convenient and advantageous drug delivery system as it meets the high quality standards of pharmaceutical industry and can be formulated to obtain different release profiles of active substances