MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA

A detailed presentation on very widely known genus of nematode MELOIDOGYNE.

1. MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA PRESENTED TO - PROF. SOBITA SIMON PROF. ABHILASHA B. LALL PRESNTED BY - KRITI B. SC. [HONS] HORTICULTURE 18BSHORH041

2. Fig. Meloidogyne javanica

3. TABLE OF CONTENT TAXONOMY HOSTS SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Morphological characters Biochemical Molecular MANAGEMENT Biochemical Chemical Cultural practices PATHOGENESIS INFECTED PLANTS REFRENCES

4. TAXONOMY KINGDOM : Animalia PHYLUM : Nematoda CLASS : Secementea ORDER : Tylenchida SUPER FAMILY : Tylenchoidea FAMILY : Hetroderidae GENUS : Meloidogyne SPECIES : M. javanica

5. HOSTS Meloidogyne javanica is a nematode pathogen which infects over 770 species of plants. The host of these pathogen includes crops of highly economic value. The host range includes tea, grapevine, fruit tree, cerals , ornamentals, bell pepper, capsicum and ornamentals. Meloidogyne javanica is also considered as pathogen of agricultural importance because they severly affect the major agricultural crops. It affects crops on worldwise basis.

6. SYMPTOMS Abnormal leaf colour Abnormal leaf form Wilting leaf galls Swollen roots Reduced root system Dwarfing Senesence

7. SYMPTOMS

8. DIAGNOSIS MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS Head shape and stylet morphology of males are useful characteristics in the identification of M. javanica . When specimens are placed in lateral position, the distance between the dorsal esophageal gland orifice to the stylet base can be used to distinguish between species of Meloidogyne. The shape of the perineal region, dorsal arch, dorsal striae, lateral lines and phasmids are all useful characters in identification.

9. DIAGNOSIS BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS Biochemical diagnostics methods are used when diagnosing nematode diseases. One technique frequently utilized is isoenzyme phenotyping. This analysis is based on the mobility of enzymes in the extracted protein, which is diagnostic of different species of Meloidogyne.

10. DIAGNOSIS MOLECUAR DIAGNOSIS There are many molecular techniques that are becoming increasingly more common, as they are easy and quick and cheap. Species – specific PCR is commonly utilized ,which uses species specific primers to target certain nematodes based on SCAR [ Sequence – Characterized amplified region ].

11. MANAGMENT BIOCONTROL MANAGEMENT One management strategy is being used to control M. javanica is a plant growth – promoting bacteria. This biocontrol is specifically utilized in tomatoes and bell pepper, where fluorescent pseudomonas produce an antibiotic 2, 4 – D. Another biocontrol with proven success in controlling Meloidogyne javanica is the fungus Tricoderma harzianum . The fungus is able to infect nematode eggs and juveniles and destroy them, consequently decreasing nematode infection.

12. MANAGMENT CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT Chemical methods is used less due to the toxicity and contamination potential. The most effective nematicides used against this species is Rugby in a dosage of 8 ppm . A more recent development in the management of Meloidogyne javanica is seed treatment Treating seeds with abamectin before planting to has been proven effective against M. javanica .

13. MANAGMENT CULTURAL PRACTICES A cultural practice used to control Meloidogyne javanica is crop rotation with non – host species or resistant cultivars. Rotation crops such as marigold, perennial grasses and Bermuda grass have been successful in suppressing the disease caused by M. javanica . This management style is effective when the nematodes are host – specific, as rotating with a non – host crop eliminates the pathogen’s ability to infect.

14. PATHOGENESIS

15. PATHOGENESIS FIG. MELOIDOGYNE

16. Infected plants Wheat Potatoes Bell pepper Capsicum Tea Grapevine Ornamental flowers

17. REFRENCES www.wikipedia.nic.in www.researchgateonline.com www.ncbi.in www.agris.fao.nic