Membrane Separation techniques

Membrane separation techniques

1. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere Department of Chemical Engineering

2. Presentation on MEMBRANE SEPERATION TECHNIQUES Presented by Mohit Pradeep Raje .

3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION REVERSE OSMOSIS DIALYSIS MEMBRANE DISTILLATION MICROFILTRATION

4. INTRODUCTION Membrane separation is one of the most important, useful and rapidly developing branch in industries . It involves separation of species from two phases with the help of semi permeable membrane . Two phases are separated by a membrane. A membrane is a selective barrier between two phases. It allows to pass certain material through it. For low resistance, the membrane must be as thin as possible. Some species from feed pass through other side called Permeate Residual feed is called Retentate .

5. Various types of membrane separation techniques are- i) Reverse Osmosis ii) Dialysis iii) Membrane Distillation iv) Microfiltration

6. REVERSE OSMOSIS The process of osmosis through membrane was first observed by Jean- Antonie Nollet in1748 In Reverse Osmosis water moves from region of low solvent concentration to high solvent concentration. In order to achieve this, osmotic pressure is applied on feed side.

7. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF RO PLANT Pretreatment- Done for long life of Membrane Pressurization- 60-65 bars RO Unit- Actual Membrane separation unit Post Treatment- It consists of adding minerals and adjusting the pH

8. APPLICATION Solvent (water) purification Solute concentration ex. Concentration of fruit juice, milk.

9. DIALYSIS C oncentration gradient is Driving Force The resistance increases with increasing molecular weight. Low molecular weight readily pass, higher molecular weight has higher resistance.

10. APPLICATION As artificial kidneys Removal toxic low molecular components such as urea, phosphate, uric acid . R emoval of caustic soda from colloidal hemicellulose. R emoval of alcohol from beer . In pharmaceutical industry to remove salts from bio-products.

11. MEMBRANE DISTILLATION Mostly concentration , pressure are driving forces. In membrane distillation temperature gradient is driving force. V apor molecule to permeate from the high temperature side to low temperature side. The hydrophobic membrane must be used .

12. There are four possible configurations of the MD process : Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) Air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) Sweeping-gas membrane distillation (SGMD) Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD).

13. APPLICATION A high quality permeate water for semiconductor industry. boiler feed water for power plant. desalination of sea water . The concentration of solutions waste water treatment . Concentration of salts, acids, etc . Removal of volatile organic products.

14. MICROFILTRATION Microfiltration is membrane process which most closely resembles conventional coarse filtration. The pore size of microfiltration membrane ranges from 10 to 0.05µm. It separate micro-organisms and suspended particles. Micro-filtration can be generally operated in one of two ways a) Cross Flow Filtration b) Dead End Filtration

15. APPLICATION Water Treatment Petroleum Refining Sterilization Dairy Processing

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