mental health psycology of personality ppt

Moral behavior is conduct that results from serious critical thinking about how individuals ought to treat others.
Values are personal beliefs about what is important and desirable.
Values clarification is a process of self-exploration by which people identify and rank their own personal values Right is a valid, legally recognized claim or entitlement encompassing both freedom from government interference or discriminatory treatment and entitlement to a benefit or service.
Absolute right is when there is no restriction whatsoever on the individual’s entitlement.
Legal right is a right on which the society has agreed and formalized into law

1. PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY
PERSONALITY

2. PERSONALITYPERSONALITY
How do psychologists define and use the concept of
personality?
What do the theories of freud and his successors tell
us about the structure and development of
personality?
What are major aspects of trait, learning, biological
and evolutionary, and humanistic approaches to
personality?
How can we most accurately assess personality?
What are the major types of personality measures?

3. How do psychologists define and use How do psychologists define and use
the concept of personality?the concept of personality?
Personality refers to the relatively
enduring characteristics that
1.Differentiate one person from anther
2.Lead them to act in a consistent and
predictable manner.
3.Both in different situations and over
extended periods of time.

4. The theories of the structure and The theories of the structure and
development of personalitydevelopment of personality
According to psychoanalysts, much of behavior is
caused by parts of personality that are found in the
unconscious and of which we are unaware.
Freud’s theory suggest that personality is composed
of the id, the ego, and the superego.
The id is the unorganized, inborn part of personality
whose purpose is to immediately reduce tensions
relating to hunger, sex, aggression, and other
primitive impulses.

5. The Theories Of Structure And The Theories Of Structure And
Development Of PersonalityDevelopment Of Personality
The ego restrains instinctual energy in order to
maintain the safety of individual and to help the
person to be a member of society.
The superego represents the rights and wrongs of
society and consists of conscience and the ego-ideal.
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory suggests that
personality develops through a series of stages, each
of which is associated with a major biological
function.

6. The Theories Of Structure And The Theories Of Structure And
Development Of PersonalityDevelopment Of Personality
The oral stage is the first period,
occurring during the first year of life.
Next comes the anal stage, lasting from
approximately age 1 to age 3.
The phallic stage follows, with interest
focusing on the genitals.

7. The Theories Of Structure And The Theories Of Structure And
Development Of PersonalityDevelopment Of Personality
At age 5 or 6 near the end of the phallic stage,
children experience the Oedipal conflict, a
process through which they learn to identify
with the same-sex parent by acting as much
like that parent as possible.
Then follows a latency period lasting until
puberty, after which people move into the
genital stage.

8. The Theories Of Structure And The Theories Of Structure And
Development Of PersonalityDevelopment Of Personality
Defense mechanisms, used for dealing with
anxiety relating to impulses from the id,
provide people with unconscious strategies to
reduce anxiety .
The most common defense mechanisms are
repression, regression, displacement,
rationalization, denial, projection, and
sublimation.

9. Major aspects of personality Major aspects of personality
approachesapproaches
Approaches are:
1.Trait.
2.Learning.
3.Biological and evolutionary.
4.Humanistic.
The major personality approaches differ
according to unconscious v conscious,
nature v nurture, freedom v
determinism, stability v modifiability of
personality.

10. Major aspects of personality Major aspects of personality
approachesapproaches
1.Trait approaches :
Have tried to identify the most basic and
relatively enduring dimensions along which
people differ from one another-dimensions
known as traits.
There are three kinds of traits (cardinal,
central, secondary).
Factor analysis used to identify 16 traits and
three dimensions (extraversion, neuroticism,
and psychoticism).

11. Major aspects of personality Major aspects of personality
approachesapproaches
2.Learning approaches:
Concentrate on observable behavior.
Personality is the sum of learned responses
to the external environment.
In contrast, cognitive-social approaches
concentrate on the role of cognitions in
determining personality.
Attention to self-efficacy and reciprocal
determinism in determining behavior.

12. Major aspects of personality Major aspects of personality
approachesapproaches
3.Biological and evolutionary approaches:
Focus on how personality are inherited.
For example, studies of children’s
temperament suggest that there is a
distinction between inhibited and
uninhibited children, which is reflected
in differences both in biological
reactivity and in shyness.

13. Major aspects of personality Major aspects of personality
approachesapproaches
4.Humanistic approaches :
Emphasize the basic goodness of people.
They consider the core of personality in
terms of a person’s ability to change and
improve.
Concept of the need for positive regard
suggests that a universal requirement to be
loved and respected underlies personality.

14. Personality assessmentPersonality assessment
Psychological tests are standard assessment
tools that objectively measure behavior.
They must be
◦reliable, measuring what they are trying to
measure consistently, and
◦ valid, measuring what they are supposed to
measure.

15. Major Types Of Personality MeasuresMajor Types Of Personality Measures
Self-report measures ask people about a sample
range of their behaviors.
These reports are used to infer the presence of
particular personality characteristics.
The most commonly used self-report measure is the
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-
2(MMPI-2).
MMPI-2 designed to differentiate people with specific
sorts of psychological difficulties from normal
individuals.