Mental retardation

MENTAL RETARDATION
PRESENTED BY –MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL

MENTAL RETARDATION
Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability and mental retardation is a generalized neurodevelopment disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

Mental retardation is defined as significantly sub average general intellectual functioning and impairment in cognitive and adaptive functioning.
CAUSES
Prenatal/antenatal causes- infection- syphilis, meningitis, rubella.
Physical damage – injury, hypoxia
Intoxications- lead poisoning, certain drugs
Placenta dysfunction- toxemia, nutritional growth retardation.


Prenatal causes- birth asphyxia
Prolonged birth
Difficult birth
Obstructed labour
Premature birth
Birth injury
Instrumental delivery

Postnatal causes – injury
Accident
Child abuse
Infection e.g. encephalitis, meningitis
malnutrition

Genetic causes
Social-cultural causes- deprivation of socio-cutural stimulation
Isolation


TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION
MILD – I.Q.= 50-70
MODERATE- I.Q. 30-50
SEVERE- less than 30
PROFOUND – Less than 15
PROBLEMS DE TO MENTAL RETARDATION
Personal
Social
Educational
Sexual and marital


PREVENTION OF MENTAL RETARDATION
Primary prevention-
Good antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care
Improve the socio-economic status of the community.
Education of the public.
Genetic counseling to at risk patients.
Syphilis and AIDS screening.



Vaccination of girls with rubella vaccine.
Avoiding consanguinal marriage.
Prevention measures to reduce child abuse, road traffic accident and home accidents.


Secondary prevention-
Early detection and treatment of preventable disorders.
Amniocentesis and medical termination of pregnancy .
Early detection of correctable disorders.
Prevention of further damage of impaired children.

Tertiary prevention- treatment of physical and psychological problems by drugs , by behavior modification.
Hospitalization and custodial care of severe mentally retarded or those with psychological problems.
Education and training of mentally retarded to avoid handicaps.
Make plans according to the problems and capacity of mentally retarded child.

REHABLITATION AND NURSING CARE
Assessment of the needs
Education
Training
Custodial care
THANKS

1. MENTAL RETARDATION PRESENTED BY –MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL

2. Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability and mental retardation is a generalized neurodevelopment disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. MENTAL RETARDATION

3. Mental retardation is defined as significantly sub average general intellectual functioning and impairment in cognitive and adaptive functioning.

4. Prenatal/antenatal causes- infection- syphilis, meningitis, rubella. Physical damage – injury, hypoxia Intoxications- lead poisoning, certain drugs Placenta dysfunction- toxemia, nutritional growth retardation. CAUSES

5. Prenatal causes- birth asphyxia Prolonged birth Difficult birth Obstructed labour Premature birth Birth injury Instrumental delivery

6. Postnatal causes – injury Accident Child abuse Infection e.g. encephalitis, meningitis malnutrition

7. Genetic causes Social-cultural causes- deprivation of socio- cutural stimulation Isolation

8. MILD – I.Q.= 50-70 MODERATE- I.Q. 30-50 SEVERE- less than 30 PROFOUND – Less than 15 TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION

9. Personal Social Educational Sexual and marital PROBLEMS DE TO MENTAL RETARDATION

10. Primary prevention- Good antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care Improve the socio-economic status of the community. Education of the public. Genetic counseling to at risk patients. Syphilis and AIDS screening. PREVENTION OF MENTAL RETARDATION

11. Vaccination of girls with rubella vaccine. Avoiding consanguinal marriage. Prevention measures to reduce child abuse, road traffic accident and home accidents.

12. Secondary prevention- Early detection and treatment of preventable disorders. Amniocentesis and medical termination of pregnancy . Early detection of correctable disorders. Prevention of further damage of impaired children.

13. Tertiary prevention- treatment of physical and psychological problems by drugs , by behavior modification. Hospitalization and custodial care of severe mentally retarded or those with psychological problems. Education and training of mentally retarded to avoid handicaps. Make plans according to the problems and capacity of mentally retarded child.

14. Assessment of the needs Education Training Custodial care REHABLITATION AND NURSING CARE

15. THANKS