Mental retardation for B.Sc. , Gnm (Nursing)spptx

DEFINITION :- Mental retardation refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficit in adaptive behavior manifested during developmental period.
TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION :-

MILD MR (IQ:- 50-70) :-
The children of this category are called educable mentally retarded (EMR).
Often not differentiated from the children until school age.
They can attain 5th -6th grade level of education.
They are capable of learning basic life skills.
They may have supervision in living.
They can feed or dress self and care own toilet need.
They have some friends.
They can hold a job or semiskilled work.
Usually marry have children and some help during stress.

MODERATE MR (IQ:- 35-50) :-
The children of this category are called trainable mentally retarded (TMR).
10% of mentally retarded fall in this category.
They can attain 2nd grade level of education.
They exhibit limited academic and vocational skills.
They can learn communication skills, social skills and occupational skills.
They have speech problems.
Usually dose not marry.
They work best in supervised occupational settings.

SERVER MR (IQ:- 20-25) :-
The children of this category are called day training eligible.
3-4% of mentally retarded fall in this category.
Living independently is not possible for this group.
They have marked motor deficit and deficit in communication speech.
They can learn to read such word like – men, women, stop ,go etc.
They exhibit impaired judgment skill and poor self protective skills.
Usually dose not marry.
They may work in carefully structured workshop but need strict supervision.

SERVER MR (IQ:- LESS THAN 20) :-
1-2% of mentally retarded fall in this category.
They may clear limited skill like – eating, sleeping ,bathing, toileting but need supervision.
Autistic behavior is common in these children.
They may have major impairment in physical co-ordination and sensory motor development.
Majority of them have brain abnormality and specific neurological disorder.
They require hospitalization.

CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION :-

GENETIC CAUSES :-
Down syndrome
Fragile syndrome
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Neuro fibromatosis
Amino acid metabolic error
Phenyl ketonuria
Pick disease

PREGNENCY RELATED CAUSES :-
Radiation effect
Teratogenic drugs
Alcoholism
Maternal infection
Placental disease
Birth injuries
Premature birth
Hypoxia
Neonatal infection
Head injury

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES :-
Poverty
Age of marriage
Early pregnancy
Unstable family environment
Large family size
Crowded environment
Unstable housing

MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION :-
History collection
Physical assessment
Neurological assessment
Intelligence test
Vision & hearing test
Other diagnosis

1. Mental retardation DEFINITION :- Mental retardation refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficit in adaptive behavior manifested during developmental period.

2. TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION :- MILD MR (IQ:- 50-70) :- The children of this category are called educable mentally retarded (EMR). Often not differentiated from the children until school age. They can attain 5 th -6 th grade level of education. They are capable of learning basic life skills. They may have supervision in living. They can feed or dress self and care own toilet need. They have some friends. They can hold a job or semiskilled work. Usually marry have children and some help during stress.

3. MODERATE MR (IQ:- 35-50) :- The children of this category are called trainable mentally retarded (TMR). 10% of mentally retarded fall in this category. They can attain 2 nd grade level of education. They exhibit limited academic and vocational skills. They can learn communication skills, social skills and occupational skills. They have speech problems. Usually dose not marry. They work best in supervised occupational settings.

4. SERVER MR (IQ:- 20-25) :- The children of this category are called day training eligible. 3-4% of mentally retarded fall in this category. Living independently is not possible for this group. They have marked motor deficit and deficit in communication speech. They can learn to read such word like – men, women, stop ,go etc. They exhibit impaired judgment skill and poor self protective skills. Usually dose not marry. They may work in carefully structured workshop but need strict supervision.

5. SERVER MR (IQ:- LESS THAN 20) :- 1-2% of mentally retarded fall in this category. They may clear limited skill like – eating, sleeping ,bathing, toileting but need supervision. Autistic behavior is common in these children. They may have major impairment in physical co-ordination and sensory motor development. Majority of them have brain abnormality and specific neurological disorder. They require hospitalization.

6. CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION :- GENETIC CAUSES :- Down syndrome Fragile syndrome Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Neuro fibromatosis Amino acid metabolic error Phenyl ketonuria Pick disease

7. PREGNENCY RELATED CAUSES :- Radiation effect Teratogenic drugs Alcoholism Maternal infection Placental disease Birth injuries Premature birth Hypoxia Neonatal infection Head injury

8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES :- Poverty Age of marriage Early pregnancy Unstable family environment Large family size Crowded environment Unstable housing

9. MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION :- History collection Physical assessment Neurological assessment Intelligence test Vision & hearing test Other diagnosis