METAL

WHAT IS METAL?
TYPES OF METAL IN DETAIL
CLASSIFICATION
PROPERTIES
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
USES

1. METAL

2. 1. SMIT DIHORA 2. MIHIR BHIMANI 3. ISHA GANDHI 4. MADHVI KEVADIYA 5. JANVI DESAI 6. DHRUVI DESAI 7. DHRUVIN KACHHADIYA 8. RAHUL PANSHERIYA

3. WHAT IS METAL? A Metal is a material  that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has Good electrical and Thermal conductivity.

4. PROPERTIES OF METAL Hard High Density High Tensile Strength High Melting point and boiling point Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity. Most metals are also solid at room temperature, but one Metal i.e. Mercury (hg) is liquid at room temperature.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF METAL Metals are Classified into Two types :- 1:- Ferrous Metal 2:- Non Ferrous Metal

6. FERROUS METAL The metals in which iron is the principal element is known as Ferrous Metal . These are directly attracted by magnets. Eg : Cast  iron ,wrought iron ,steel etc.

7. NON-FERROUS METAL The metals which does not contain iron is called Non-Ferrous Metals . Eg : copper, Aluminium ,Tin ,Lead.

8. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals are divided into PURE METALS and ALLOYS. A PURE METAL is an element - eg iron, copper, gold - unalloyed with another substance. An ALLOY is a mixture of two or more elements to make another metal with particular properties.

9. TYPES OF METAL FERROUS METAL NON FERROUS METAL 1. STEEL ALUMINIUM 2. MILD STEEL COPPER 3. STAINLESS STEEL BRASS IRON LEAD 5. CAST IRON ZINC 6. WROUGHT IRON TIN TITANIUM

10. NON FERROUS METAL

11. ALUMINIUM Aluminium is a silvery-white metal. One surprising fact about Aluminium is that it’s the most wide spread metal on Earth making up more than 8% of the Earth’s core mass.

12. PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM Corrosion resistant Electrical and Thermal Conducitivity Reflectitvity Ductility Recyclability Soft, Lightweight, Fire-proof Heat-resistant

13. USES OF ALUMINIUM:- In Packaging of cans, foil, frame of etc. Food and beverage containers, because of its resistance to corrosion. In Construction of windows, doors, sliding, building wire, roofing, etc. A wide range of household items, from cooking utensils. Powdered Aluminium is used in Paint. Street Lighting Poles.

14. ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM :- Low maintenance Recyclable Can be formed into variety shapes Light weight Excellent corrosion resistance Easy surface treatment Easy to work

15. DISADVANTAGE OF ALUMINIUM :- Unable to support structure Lower melting point Costly

16. COPPER It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange colour. Copper is found as a pure metal in nature. The first metal to be purposefully alloyed with another metal, and is mix with ’TIN’ to create ’BRONZE’.

17. PROPERTIES OF COPPER A good electrical conductor A good thermal conductor Corrosion resistant Easily joined Ductile Tough Non magnetic Attractive colour Easy to alloy Recyclable Catalytic

18. USES OF COPPER Wire and Cable Electronics Electric motors Architecture Antimicrobial applications Copper alloys are used in musical instruments

19. STATUE OF LIBERTY MAPO MEUSEUM SHANGAI

20. ADVANTAGE OF COPPER It stretches thus can be  easily shaped and molded . It is  corrosion-resistant. It is a good thermal and electrical conductor It has a  high melting  point thus can be used in high temperature processes.

21. DISADVANTAGE OF COPPER It is easily scratched Easily loses its color due to heating It is costly

22. ZINC Zinc is a bluish-white lustrous diamagnetic metal  though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. The surface of the pure metal tranishes quickly, eventually forming a protective layer of the basic zinc-carbonate, by reaction with atmospheric Carbon-dioxide, This layer helps prevent further reaction with air and water.

23. PROPERTIES OF ZINC Lustrous Metal Conductor of Electricity High Melting Point Malleable Thermal Conductivity

24. USES OF ZINC Zinc is used to galvanise other metals, such as iron, to prevent rusting.  Galvanised steel is used for car bodies, street lamp posts, safety barriers and suspension bridges. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of very many products such as paints, rubber, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, inks, soaps, batteries, textiles and electrical equipment. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous paints, fluorescent lights and x-ray screens.

25. ADVANTAGE OF ZINC Good Strength Low Cost Long Shelf Life High Energy Density

26. DISADVANTAGE OF ZINC Less tensile strength Low toughness Generally Brittle

27. BRASS Brass  is a metal alloy made of ‘Copper and Zinc’, the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties. Brass has higher malleability than bronze or zinc. By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses. Today, almost 90% of all brass alloys are recycled.  Because brass is not ferromagnetic.

28. PROPERTIES OF BRASS Higher Malleability Low melting point Brass can be Hard and Soft

29. USES OF BRASS Brass is used for decoration for its bright gold-like appearance; for applications where low friction is required such as locks, gears, bearings, doorknobs, ammunition casings and valves; for plumbing and electrical applications.

30. USE OF BRASS AT STOCKHOLM FERRY TERMINAL

31. ADVANTAGE OF BRASS Extremely Strong Resistant to Heat Non Corrosive Ease of Cleaning

32. DISADVANTAGE OF BRASS High Maintenance Costly Brittle if Cold Work

33. LEAD  It is a soft, malleable and heavy metal. Freshly cut, solid lead has a bluish-white colour that soon tarnishes to a dull grayish colour when exposed to air; the liquid metal has shiny chrome-silver luster.  Lead is a bright silvery metal with a very slight shade of blue in a dry atmosphere. It tarnishes on contact with air, forming a complex mixture of compounds whose colour and composition depend on conditions

34. Lead's characteristic properties include high density, softness, ductility, malleability, poor electrical conductivity compared to other metals, high resistance to corrosion, and ability to react with organic chemicals.

35. USES OF LEAD In Battery In Roofing and Cladding Lead pipes used at chemical factories Lead Bullets , etc.

36. ADVANTAGE OF LEAD Meallable Ductile Easy to work

37. DISADVANTGE OF LEAD Heavy Rather Soft Expensive

38. TIN  The stable allotrope is β-tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey α-tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper.  large application for tin is corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel. Inorganic tin compounds are rather non-toxic. Because of its low toxicity, tin-plated metal was used for food packaging as tin cans.

39. PROPERTIES OF TIN :- Tin is a soft,  Malleable Ductile  Highly crystalline silvery-white metal, Low melting point. Tin resists corrosion from water

40. TITANIUM  It is a lustrous metal with a silver colour, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in  water.  It is found in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies, and soils.  In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels.

41. PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM :-  It has high strength Strong metal Low density  Ductile   Lustrous and metallic-white in colour High melting point 

42. ADVANTAGE OF TITANIUM :- Corrosion resistance Good Strength Very Thin Hard Smooth Surface

43. DISVANTAGE OF TIATANIUM :- Costly

44. FERROUS METAL

45. STEEL Steel is a mixture of several metals but most of it is iron. Steel is harder and stronger than iron. Smaller proportion of impurities. E.g. carbon, phosphorous, sulphur Durable material.

46. PROPERTIES OF STEEL :- High Melting point High thermal expansion High density metal Heavy weight Rough surface area Malleable Durable

47. USES OF STEEL :- Tools Machines Motors and engines Wires Foundation of construction Piling Beams and Columns Reinforced concrete High-rise building Infrastructure Scaffolding

48. ADVANTAGES OF STEEL :- Strong building material for superstructure Hard High melting point Recyclable Durability High performance

49. DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL :- Bad insulator Corrosion High cost transportation High expansion rate in changing temperature Low resistance to fire Time consuming in terms of construction

50. PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL Hard High Tensile Strength Elongation at Break Malleable when Heated

51. USES OF MILD STEEL Used as Reinforcement in R.C.C. In Roofing Used as Rolled Structural Section like I – section In manufacturing of Tools

52. STAINLESS STEEL stainless steel, also known as  inox steel. It is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass. Stainless steel does not readily corrode, rust or stain with water. There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment the alloy must endure.

53. IRON Iron is a chemical element with symbol  Fe. The most common element on Earth.

54. ADVANTAGE OF IRON Tough Durable

55. DISADVANTAGE OF IRON Rust and Corrode easily when Exposed to Air and Water. Good Conductor of Heat.

56. CAST IRON Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.

57. PRPERTIES OF WROUGHT IRON Soft Ductile Magnetic Strong – High Elasticity and Tensile Strength Malleable

58. CASE STUDY - 1 Case Study Of BENCHMARK TEXTILE HUB

59. MATERIAL USED :- COTTON STEEL

60. THANK YOU