Metal processing techniques

For the bio-materials, we can use this type of metal process technique

1. Metal processing Techniques

2. Introduction Practically all metals, which are not used in cast form are reduced to some standard shapes for subsequent processing. Then these shapes are further processed through hot rolling, forging, molding, extrusion etc. to produce materials in standard form such as plates, sheet, rods and tubes.

3. Raw Materials for Metal Processing: Raw materials for metal processing can be in different forms like it can be in the form of liquid or in the form of powder or in the form of solid or semi solid.

4. Metal Processing Techniques Metal processing techniques are divided into two stages: Primary Processes Finishing Processes Primary Processes are important because through these processes we made the material to be used further for different purposes In Finishing processes we take the metal and give it a proper shape which we require.

5. Primary Processes: These are the various primary processes that are performed for metal processing: Rolling Forging Extrusion Casting Molding Tube and wire drawing Thermal Treatment

6. Metal Rolling: Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. The concept is similar to the rolling of dough.  Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its  recrystallization  temperature, then the process is known as hot rolling. If the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature, the process is known as  cold rolling .

7. Forging : Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer or a die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging warm forging hot forging.

8. Extrusion: Metal extrusion  is a  metal  forming process in which a work piece, of a certain length and cross section, is forced to flow through a die of a smaller cross sectional area, thus forming the work to the new cross section.

9. Casting The processing of materials in liquid form is commonly known as  casting  .A variation on the typical gravity  casting  process, called slush  casting , produces hollow  castings . Common  casting metals  are aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. Other materials include tin, zinc, and lead alloys and iron and steel are also  cast  in graphite molds.

10. Molding When the process involves metals,  glass , and ceramics it is called molding. Metal  injection  molding  (MIM) is a metalworking process in which finely-powdered  metal  is mixed with binder material to create a "feedstock" that is then shaped and solidified using injection  molding .

11. Tube and Wire Drawing Drawing  is a metalworking  process  which uses tensile forces to stretch metal or glass. As the metal is  drawn  (pulled), it stretches thinner, into a desired shape and thickness.  Drawing  is classified in two types: Sheet metal  drawing  and  wire Bar drawing 3) Tube drawing.

12. Thermal Treatment Thermal treatment  is a process in which the temperature of the material is raised or lowered to alter the properties of the original material. Most thermal-treating processes are based on time-temperature cycles that include three steps: heating, holding at temperature, and cooling. Although some thermal treatments are applicable to most families of materials, they are most widely used on metals.

13. Finishing Processes Finally at the end finishing processes are employed through which we can protect our metal from corrosion, oxidation or deformation and also to provide specific surface characteristics such as reflectivity, electrical conductivity or insulation, or bearing properties and also to give the special decorative effects to materials.