Metaphor n menotomy shahida

stylistics..............

1. METAPHOR AND METONOMY BY: SHAHIDA BALOCH STYLISTICS ASSIGNED BY: SIR SARWAAN MEMON

2. METAPHOR A metaphor is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that have something in common. The comparison is made without the use of like or as .

3. Examples Life is a mere dream, a fleeting shadow on a cloudy day. Love is a lemon - either bitter of sweet. (from Scott) Drowning in the sea Jumping for joy Apple of my eye

4. TYPICAL METAPHOR SOURCES They are common, old, prototypical, simple, and concrete. Body Parts, Animals, Plants, Weather, Containers, Journey, Buildings, Food and War Also Up vs. Down, and Hot vs. Cold

5. TYPICAL METAPHOR TARGETS They are abstract, complex, and new. Technology (e.g. Computers), Social Change, Religious Change, Exploration, Invention, Discovery .

6. THE NATURE OF GROUND KIDNEY BEANS: Same color and shape; different size, texture and taste ELBOW MACARONI: Same shape and color; different size and taste

7. CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS Life is a journey (time, place, progress) Israel OR Mecca is the promised land. Life is a car trip. Anger is heat.

8. DEAD METAPHORS Dead metaphors are ones that have been in the language so long that speakers take them for granted. BODY METAPHORS: head of cabbage , shoulder of a road , arm of the government , foothills , mouth of a river

9. DEAD METAPHOR “Kick the bucket” is a “dead” metaphor. To commit suicide, a person would tie a rope around his neck, stand on a bucket, and then “kick the bucket.”

10. SKELETON METAPHORS

11. METAPHORS IN THE DICTIONARY The Editors of Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary said that of the 100,000 new words added to their 1961 edition, nearly half came into the language through metaphorical processes (most of the others were the result of blending).

12. WAR METAPHORS Metaphors are very important in times of war. Discussing the US military action against Iraq in January of 1993, the U.S. press used the following punishment metaphors: U.S. warplanes punish Iraq. A slap on the wrist for Saddam Hussein. Saddam receives spanking. (Remarkable)

13. METONYMY Metonymy is a word or phrase used to stand for another word. Metonymies are frequently used in literature and in everyday speech. Sometimes a metonymy is chosen because it is a well-known characteristic of the word.

14. EXAMPLE "The pen is mightier than the sword," This sentence has two examples of metonymy: The "pen" stands in for "the written word." The "sword" stands in for "military aggression and force."

15. WORDS FUNCTION AS METONYMY Crown - in place of a royal person Dish - for an entire plate of food Cup - for a mug The Pentagon - to refer to the staff The restaurant - to refer to the staff Ears - for giving attention ("Lend me your ears!" from Mark Antony in  Julius Caesar )

16. Eyes - for sight The library - for the staff or the books Hand - for help

17. SENTENCES USES METONYMY We must wait to hear from the  crown  until we make any further decisions . She's planning to serve the  dish  early in the evening . The  restaurant  has been acting quite rude lately. Learn how to use your  eyes  properly!

18. The  library  has been very helpful to the students this morning . Can you please give me a  hand  carrying this box up the stairs ?

19. PURPOSE OF METONYMY As with other literary devices, one of the main purposes of using a metonymy is to add flavor to the writing. Instead of just repeatedly saying, "the staff at the restaurant" or naming all of the elements of a dinner each time you want to refer to the meal, one word breaks up some of that awkwardness. Using a metonymy serves a double purpose - it breaks up any awkwardness of repeating the same phrase over and over and it changes the wording to make the sentence more interesting.

20. QUESTIONS 1. COMMON METAPHOR YOU USE IN YOUR DAILY ROUTINE? 2. LION REPRESENTS………..? 3. MAKE SENTENCE OF WORD RESTAURANT