METHOD OF STERILIZATION IN OPERATION THEATRE.pptx

This slide is discuss about the sterilization CSSD

1. METHOD OF STERILIZATION IN OPERATION THEATRE Madam Rozila Ibrahim July 2022 July 2022

2. Learning Objective At the end of the session, student would be able to: Understand the definition and category of sterilization method To identify the correct types of sterilization for suitable equipment using in hospital setting Enhance knowledge about safety issue and precaution towards prevention of hospital acquired infection (HAI). To elaborate nurse's role and responsibility in taking part in sterilization process.

3. Introduction of sterilization Sterilization can be defined as any process that effectively kill or eliminates transmissible agents (all types of microorganism ) included spores

4. Types of Sterilization Physical Method a). Thermal (Heat) methods b). Radiation method c). Filtration Method Chemical Method a) Gaseous method b) liquid

5. Physical Methods (Thermal/ HeatMethods ) Thermal/Heat Sterilization Thermal sterilization uses the thermal lability of a microorganism to prevent its growth. At elevated temperatures, the probability of an organism surviving depends on the magnitude of temperature and the duration of exposure. The medium shall remain unharmed, unless it is thermally unstable. Most widely used Reliable method Involving destruction of enzymes and other essential cell constituents Applied only to THERMO STABLE PRODUCTS and MOISTURE-SENSITIVE MATERIALS. Dry heat (160-1800c)  thermos stable products Moist heat (121 -1340c)moisture –resistant materials

6. Cont..Thermal / HeatMethods Example of dry heat sterilization: Incineration Red heat Flaming Hot air oven 2. Moist heat sterilization Dry saturated steam - autoclaving Boiling water/ steam at atmospheric pressure Hot water below boiling point

7. Dry heat oven

8. Steam/Moist heat method Used for heat sensitive materials and materials through which steam is permeable. Culture media is also sterilized through moist heat sterilization. Through moist heat sterilization, the most resistant of the spores require a temperature of 121°C for around half an hour. Effective, fast, safe, and affordable option for sterilization. Able to kill types microorganism Suitable to most type of equipment use in theatre The two basic types: a) of steam sterilizers (autoclaves) are the gravity displacement autoclave and b)high-speed prevacuum sterilizer. Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities (2008)

9. Cont..Steam /Moist heat method The autoclaving process takes advantage of the phenomenon that the boiling point of water (or steam) increases when it is under high pressure. It is performed in a machine known as the Autoclave where high pressure is applied with a recommended temperature of 250°F (121°C) for 15-20 minutes to sterilize the equipment

10. Moist heat method

11. Radiation method Radiation kills germs that can cause disease and neutralizes other harmful organisms. Sterilization with ionizing radiation inactivates microorganisms very efficiently and, when used for product wrapping, ensures that healthcare products are safe and can be relied upon.

12. Filtration Method Filtration is an interesting sterilization method in laboratories. It's the only method that uses force to separate rather than to kill. When you filter a liquid or gas, it passes through a pore, which stops, or filters out, the passage of larger particles.

13. Chemical Method (Gaseous method) Gas sterilization is a chemical process resulting from reaction of chemical groups in the bacterial cell with the gas. Factors influencing gas sterilization include time of exposure, gas concentration, penetration of the gas, and temperature and humidity in the sterilizing chamber.

14. Chemical Method (Gaseous method) ethylene oxide (ETO) gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, HYDROGEN PYROXIDE STERILIZATION ETHYLENE OXIDE (ETO)

15. Hospital setting CSSD The Sterile Processing Department (SPD) also known as the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD), is the area in a hospital where cleaning and sterilization of devices used in medical procedures takes place (Central sterile supply department) Is a service unit of the hospital responsible for providing guaranteed sterile equipment's / instruments to all the departments of hospital for immediate use in patients care – A step towards the prevention of hospital acquired infections (HAI).

16. Cont ..CSSD The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is responsible for delivering sterile supplies of surgical instruments, linen, dressing material and other reusable devices to clinical areas like operation theatres, specialty units such as bone marrow transplantation units (BMT), wards, day care units, and out-patient The CSSD plays a vital role in patient safety and in reducing hospital surgical infection. From an infection control perspective, it is essential to ensure that proper disinfection of surgical equipment is performed.

17. Cont …CSSD Sterile processing departments are typically divided into four major areas to accomplish the functions of decontamination assembly and sterile processing, sterile storage distribution.

18. Cont ..CSSD The CSSD should have four zones – 1) The unclean and washing area, 2) The assembly and packing area, 3) The sterilization area and 4) The storage Each of these has equipments in place in order to perform specific functions towards sterilization of articles for immediate use in patient care.

19. Chemical indicator monitoring sterility process

20. Biological monitoring test for sterilization process

21. Mechanical indicator to monitor sterilization process Mechanical monitoring involves checking the sterilizer gauges, computer displays, or printouts, and documenting in your sterilization records that pressure, temperature, and exposure time have reached the levels recommended by the sterilizer manufacturer.

22. Nurses role managing sterilization process/equipment Nurses have direct responsibility for the cleaning and disinfection of items including shared and mobile patient care equipment The nurse must clean and open all instruments so that all surfaces of the instruments are exposed to the (autoclave or hot air oven) sterilization and she should keep ready all sterilized instruments before the surgical operation or delivery. At the same time, she should also keep ready sterile drapes and dressing The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends monitoring three types of indicators to ensure successful sterilization.

23. Cont..nurses handling sterile equipment All sterile items should be handled as little as possible and stored in an area where the environment is suitable and monitored. All items should be rotated, and their frequency of use evaluated. Items that are rarely used should be removed from inventory. Shelf life is not just a matter of sterility maintenance.

24. https://youtu.be/CtVWzU8FG4M

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