methods of nutritional assessment .pptx

methods of nutritional assessment

1. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT PRESENTED BY: M.C.KNIRANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SSNSR, SU.

2. ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS Weight Height BMI Skinfold thickness Mid upper arm circumference(MUAC) Head circumference (for children) Chest circumference (for children) Abdominal circumference (for children)

3. WEIGHT For children under 2 years of age, use a calibrated beam or a digital infant scale . Ensure the infant is not wearing any clothes and remove the diaper before measuring the weight. For children older than 24 months, a balanced or electronic floor scale can be used. Wear only light clothes, no shoes .

4. HEIGHT The subject stand erect and bare footed on the stadiometer with a movable head piece. The head piece is level with skull vault and height is recorded to the nearest 0.5 cm .

5. SKINFOLD THICKNESS Measurement provide an estimate of body fat stores or the extent of obesity or under nutrition. A skinfold caliper is used to assess the skinfold thickness

6. SITES OF SKINFOLD THICKNESS

7. CLINICAL EXAMINATION It is the simplest and the most practical method for assessment of nutritional status of individuals. It is used to detect the level of health status of the individuals in relation to the food consumption. Head to toe examination should be performed to detect the signs of nutritional deficiency status such as hair changes, anaemia , edema etc.

8. CLINICAL EXAMINATION Advantages: Fast and easy to perform Inexpensive Non-invasive Does not require any laboratory equipment Co-operation of the subject can be achieved easily

9. CLINICAL EXAMINATION Limitations: May not detect the early stages Some clinical signs are non specific of nutritional deficiency. Skilled personnel is required to carry out clinical examinations.

10. GOOSEFLESH ECZEMA TETANY PINPRICK HAEMORRHAGE EMACIATION

11. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT Advantages: the ability determine nutritional status at the earlier stage of deficiency, and therefore,  enabling to make correction at early stage of nutritional inadequacy.

12. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT Disa dvantages : Time consuming and expensive Reveal only current nutritional status.

13. INITIAL LABORATORY ASSESSMENT: 1. Haemoglobin estimation. M ost important test when accurately measured, tells about overall state of nutrition (e.g. anemia) Blood is collected from a finger, ear lobe or heel prick Haemoglobinometres which are simple, cheap and reasonably accurate are used BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT

14. 2. Haematocrit or packed cell volume ( PCV) percentage of the blood volume composed of red cells. important in the diagnosis of anemia. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT

15. 3. Red cell counts and blood films the size and uniformity of the red blood cells can be seen. Use of such slides may facilitate the diagnosis of malaria. Parasites if present can be seen. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT

16. 4. Stool examination For presence of ova and/ or intestinal parasites. When assessed quantitatively, parasite load can be known. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT

17. 5. Urine examination Dipstick and microscopy for albumin, sugar and blood. BIOCHEMICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT

18. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

19. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

20. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE quantity

21. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

22. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

23. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

24. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

25. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

26. ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS Malnutrition is the end result of many interacting ecological factors. A study of the ecological factors comprise the following – Socio economic factors Health and educational services Conditioning influence (these includes parasitic, bacterial and viral infection which precipitates malnutrition) Cultural and religious beliefs Living arrangements

27. Functional Nutritional Assessment: Three critical components – Use of these components together results in a high percentage accuracy in identification of macro and micronutrient deficiency. FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT DIET HISTORY SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION