Methods of teaching. Project method of teaching

Project method of teaching
Introduction, meaning and definition, characteristics, steps involved, merits and de-merits

1. Methods of teaching Project method of teaching Presented by G.veerkumar B.ed 3 rd semester

2. Project Method Is One Of The Modern Method Of Teaching, In Which More Importance Were Given To Students In Designing The Curricula And Content Of Studies. This method is based on the philosophy of pragmatism and the principle of “ Learing by doing” This Method Was Proposed By “ John Dewey ” , It Is The Outcome Of His Philosophy “Pragmatism”. But The Project Method Is Developed And Applied Practically By “Sir William Kilpatrick”. Intrduction

3. Meaning and definitions Meaning Of Project “A Project Is An Activity Willingly Undertaken By Pupils In Which Emphasis Is On Lraring By Doing According To W.H Kilpatrick "A Project Is A Wholehearted Purposeful Activity Proceeding In A Social Environment”. According To Stevenson(1908) “A Project Is A Problematic Act Carried To Completion In Its Natural Settings”. According To Ballard “A Project Is A Bit Of Real Life That Has Been Imparted Into The School

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT METHOD It takes the student beyond the walls of the class room. It is carried out in a natural setting, thus making learning realistic and experiential . 

5. Continu… It encourages investigative learning and solution of practical problems. It is focused on the student as it enlists his/her active involvement in the task set.

6. Contnu… It encourages the spirit of scientific enquiry as it involves validation of hypotheses based on evidence gathered from the field through investigation. 

7. Continu… It promotes a better knowledge of the practical aspects knowledge of gained from books

8. Continu… It enhances the student's social skills, as it requires interaction with the social environment.

9. Continu… It allows the students a great degree of freedom to choose from among the options given to them; hence it provides a psychological boost. It encourages the spirit of research in the student

10. Steps involved in project method 1 Creating Situations 2 Selection of a problem 3 Planning 4 Executing the Project 5 Evaluation Reporting ang recording

11. . Creating Situation: In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to the students in the class. He puts up the knowledge about the project method procedure, steps, and uses to the students. A project should arise out of a need felt by students and it should never be forced on them. It should be purposeful and significant.

12. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Selection of the problem The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them. Students are having freedom to choose the topic or problem based on their interest and ability.  Before choosing the topic the principles should be taken in to an account. Such as school tasks are to be as real and as purposeful and they are of such a nature that the student is genuinely eager to carry them out in order to achieve a desirable and clearly realized aim. Teacher should only tempt the students for a particular project by providing a situation but the proposal for the project should finally come from students.

13. planning The teacher discuss with the students about the problems in various angles and points. After the free expression of the students' opinion about the problem, the teacher writes down the whole programme of action stepwise on the blackboard.  In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a guide and should give suggestions at times but actual planning be left to the students. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

14. Executing the project The students are stating their work in this step. They are collecting the relevant information and materials at first. The teacher should give the time and right to the students according to their own speed, interest and ability. During this step the teacher should car e fully supervise the pupils in manipulative skills to prevent waste of materials and to guard accidents. Teacher should constantly check up the relation between the chalked out plans and the developing project.

15. Evaluation Evaluation of the project should be done both by the pupils and the teachers. Here the students evaluating their task. They determine whether the objects are achieved or not. After that they criticize and express their feeling about the task freely. The evaluation of the project has to be done in the light of plans, difficulties in the execution and achieved results.

16. Reporting and recording It is the last step of the project method in which each and every step of the work are reported. The reported things are recorded in a certain order in a book form. It should include the proposal, plan and its discussion, duties allotted to different students and how far they were carried out by them. It should also include the details of places visited and surveyed guidance for future and all other possible details. The book formatted report is submitted to the teacher at the end.

17. ROLE OF THE TEACHER: In project method of teaching the role of a teacher is that of a guide, friend and philosopher. Teacher should encourages his students to work collectively, and co-operatively. To avoid the problem of supervision, teacher can appoint a leader to each group of student . The teacher should be more knowledge. Teacher should be keen observer and true supporter. Helps students in planning and allotting activities according to their interest and abilities.

18. MERITS OF PROJECT METHOD : No place for rote memorization. Connects learning at school with reality. Children feel free to express themselves and show their creativeness and imagination. It provides self motivation as the students themselves select plan and execute the project Develops social values and skill. Students get the ample opportunities in which they can develop a coordination between mind and body

19. DEMERITS OF PROJECT METHOD Textbooks and instructional materials are hardly available Teaching is disorganized Consumes a longer time than expected, therefore it is not possible to fit in the timetable schedule. Parents are not always supportive for project work. This method is expensive as students will have to bear the expenses of lot of materials or items, outdoor activities and for travelling and other visits .