Methods of Weed Control AGRICROP PRODUCTION

Weed management is a combination of the techniques of prevention, control, and eradication to manage weeds in a crop, cropping system, or environment. What are the practices of weed management?
Management practices in businesses refer to the activities and strategies employed by managers to achieve organizational goals and improve performance. These practices include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, as well as considering the external environment.

1. Methods of Weed Control

2. Physical/mechanical method Weeds can be controlled by means of: 1. hand pulling or hand weeding 2. use of mechanical weeders or rotary weeder possible when transplanted, using the straight row planting and mechanical seeder in direct row planting 3. efficient use of irrigation water which prevents the emergence of all kinds of weeds

3. Cultural method This involves good land preparation and flooding during land preparation to remove weed seeds, closer crop spacing, and use of varieties that are taller and will produce more tillers early in the season

4. Chemical Control Chemical control is cheaper than hand weeding and can be used in all rice environments. However, the continued use of the same herbicides leads to build-up of perennial weeds which are difficult to control with herbicide. This can be prevented by hand or mechanical weeding periodically

5. Chemical Control Herbicides are applied either pre-emergence (before weeds germinate) or postemergence (after weeds have germinated) in granular or sprayable form.

6. Preventive Method Before sowing the seeds make use of big container in soaking to allow the weed seeds to float and discard. During the land preparation for the seed bed just after leveling the bed, flood and allow the water to flow out to discard the floating seeds. Use certified seeds, wire mesh in canal, and remove weeds before seeds mature.

7. Pointers for Effective Herbicide Application

8. E FFECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION 1. Apply herbicides at the right time. a. Pre-planting – apply herbicide after land preparation before the crop is planted. b. Pre-emergence – apply herbicide before the emergence of the crop or weeds. c. Post-emergence – herbicide is applied after emergence of the crop or weeds

9. E FFECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION 2. Use the right dosage of chemicals. Weak or strong dosage of chemicals may not be useful to the plant; therefore, follow the recommended dosage.

10. E FFECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION 3. Spray during fair weather. Do not spray when the wind is strong nor during rainy weather. Spray early in the morning or late in the afternoon.

11. E FFECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION 4. Distribute spray solution accurately.

12. OTHER PESTS

13. OTHER PESTS Golden Apple Snail (GAS) or Epikuhl . Local names: bisukol ( Iloc .), kuhol (Tag.). Golden snail is one of the delicacies enjoyed by farmers before. Now it is a recognized rice pest. It produces numerous pinkish egg masses visibly seen on levees which usually hatch from 9 to 12 days. This pest is destructive during the early growth stage of rice plants 14 days from sowing to 20 days after transplanting. The pest feeds on the vegetative parts of young rice plants and could wipe out plants in a given area overnight.

14. OTHER PESTS Population of golden apple snail can be prevented by the following: a. Handpick the golden snails and use these as animal feed. b. Observe cleanliness and sanitation. c. If cultural management is not feasible use molluscicide to control them. Drain water before spraying and always wear protective gear when using chemicals.

15. OTHER PESTS Rats - have been a persistent problem of rice growers, especially in areas near forests and uncultivated lands. They cause estimated yields losses ranging from 5-60%. Rats attack at all stages of rice growth but reach their peak during the maturity stage. Damage is greater during wet season. To control rats effectively, keep the rice fields clean and employ sustained baiting only when necessary. Make use of available rodenticides in the agricultural supply and always follow the manufacturer’s instruction in its label