Metode pengambilan spesimen urine untuk TLM

Persiapan pasien, alat dan bahan serta teknik pengambilan spesimen uine untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium

1. Sampling Spesimen Urine Ni Made Sri Dwijastuti

2. Indikator Sub-CPMK Persyaratan Spesimen Persiapan Pasien Alat dan Bahan Prosedur Handling & Transport

3. Jenis Spesimen Urine Berdasarkan Waktu Urine sewaktu Urine pagi Urine kumpulan (urine 12 jam/24 jam) Urine puasa ( nuchter ) Urine PP (post-prandial) Berdasarkan Teknik Urine pancaran tengah (midstream) Urine SPP (supra-pubic puncture) Urine kateterisasi Urine 24 jam Urine midstream clean-catch

4. Syarat Spesimen Sesuaikan dengan jenis spesimen dan pemeriksaan yang dilakukan Syarat Umum : Identitas lengkap & benar Volume cukup Tidak ada kontaminasi Sampel segar (tidak lebih dari 2 jam) Diambil dengan prosedur yang tepat

5. Persiapan Pasien Minum cukup air/ puasa tidak minum obat 72 jam sebelum pengambilan spesimen. Informasikan pada petugas keluhan dan obat yg dikonsumsi membersihkan area kemaluan dengan air dan sabun

6. Prosedur For FEMALE patients: 1. Wash hands thoroughly before beginning the procedure and put on disposable gloves. 2. Use betadine swabs or Hibiclens to cleanse the perineal area. a. Separate the folds of the labia and wipe the betadine swab or Hibiclens from front to back (anterior to posterior) on one side, then discard swab or towelette. b. Using a second betadine swab or Hibiclens , wipe the other side from front to back, then discard. c. Using a third betadine swab or Hibiclens , wipe down the middle from front to back, then discard. d. Pat dry periurethral area with clean dry gauze to remove excessive betadine while keeping the labia separated.

7. For MALE patients: 1. Wash hands thoroughly before beginning the procedure and put on disposable gloves. 2. If the patient is not circumcised, pull the foreskin back (retract the foreskin) on the penis to clean and hold it back during urination. 3. Using a circular motion, clean the head of the penis with betadine swabs or Hibiclens . Discard the swab or towelette.

8. Urination should begin, passing the first portion into the bedpan, urinal, or toilet. After the flow of urine has started, the urine specimen container should be placed under the patient collecting the midportion (midstream “clean catch”) without contaminating the container. Any excess urine can pass into the bedpan, urinal, or toilet. Cover the urine container immediately with the lid being careful not to touch the inside of the container or the inside of the lid. Transfer urine to specimen tube if tubes are used for transport instead of urine containers. Attach label to tube or container and place specimen in the transport bag. Remove gloves and wash hands. Record date and time of collection and initials of the person collecting (or submitting) the specimen on the specimen container. Transport specimen to the Laboratory within 2 hours of collection or refrigerate and transport to the lab as soon as possible.

9. Handling & Transport Urine Collect at least 40-60 mL from potentially exposed adults and children. Use a screw-cap plastic container; do not overfill. Freeze specimen as soon as possible (−70 °C or dry ice preferred). If other than “clean catch”, note method of collection on the specimen cup (e.g., obtained by catheterization). Blanks For each lot number of urine cups used for collection, provide Two (2) empty, unopened urine cups to be used as blanks for measuring background contamination

10. Memberi Label pada Spesimen Identitas Pasien , Petugas pengumpul , tanggal , dan waktu pengambilan Data tambahan terkait dg interpretasi hasil . Metode pengumpulan urin khusus

11. Packing Spesimen Urine Pisahkan setiap pot urin Lapisan pertama , box dengan bahan penyerap , disegel Lapisan kedua untuk pengaman

12. Lapisan luar Box berinsulasi busa polistiren Untuk bantalan , letakkan bahan penyerap tambahan di bagian bawah wadah Letakkan lapisan es kering di atas bahan penyerap . Gunakan bahan penyerap atau bantalan tambahan di antara cangkir urin yang dibungkus Letakkan lapisan es kering tambahan di atas sampel . Tempatkan manifes pengiriman urin dalam kantong plastik yang dapat ditutup rapat di bagian atas tutup pengiriman

13. Persiapan Pasien

14. Alat dan Bahan Lab coat Safety goggles Close-toed shoes Protective gloves Full-coverage clothing Hair restraints

15. In the event of a lab accident… Assess the situation: Quickly assess the severity of the accident and the potential risks to yourself and others. Prioritize safety and evacuate the area if necessary. Notify others: Immediately alert nearby colleagues or lab personnel about the accident, ensuring they are aware of the situation and can help if needed. Seek first aid: If someone is injured, administer basic first aid if you are trained to do so, or seek medical attention promptly. Report any injuries, no matter how minor, to the lab supervisor or appropriate personnel. Contain and control: If possible and safe to do so, contain the spill or accident area using appropriate methods, such as using spill kits or shutting off equipment. Prevent the spread of hazards to other areas. Report the incident: Report the accident to the lab supervisor or designated safety officer as soon as possible. Provide a detailed account of the incident, including any chemicals involved and the actions taken to respond to the situation. Note: In case of a serious or life-threatening accident, call emergency services immediately (e.g., 911 or the appropriate emergency number for your local area) before taking further action. Safety should always be the top priority during any lab accident.

16. At the end of your lab time… Clean up: Thoroughly clean and organize your workspace, including removing any spills, disposing of waste properly, and returning equipment to its designated storage area. Properly store chemicals: Ensure all chemicals are stored securely in their designated storage locations, with proper labeling and lids tightly closed. Check for any expired or deteriorated chemicals and report them for disposal. Shutdown equipment: Turn off all equipment used during the lab session. This includes gas valves, heating devices, and electrical equipment. Return shared equipment to its default setting. Wash up: Practice good personal hygiene by washing your hands and removing any lab coats or gloves before leaving the lab area. Prevent potential contamination by leaving the lab environment clean and safe for others. Submit reports: If required, submit any lab reports, experimental data, or findings as per the lab's guidelines. Ensure proper documentation of the work performed during the lab session.

17. Safety first, science always!